in the present paper, a landslide and its stabilization is studied on a slope of tabriz northern freeway. this landslide is a large scale one, and as the study zone has a sliding potential so that its study is quite necessary. the analysis of landslide has been performed using stabl software. the way of obtaining the critical slope for land slide amongst different sections and determining a suc...

It is well established that the basis for flagellar and ciliary movements is ATP-dependent sliding between adjacent doublet microtubules. However, the mechanism for converting microtubule sliding into flagellar and ciliary movements has long remained unresolved. The author has developed new sperm models that use bull spermatozoa divested of their plasma membrane and midpiece mitochondrial sheat...

In this paper, a sliding mode control system with a predictive proportional-integral-derivative (PPID-SMC) sliding surface is proposed. A robust sliding mode controller is suggested to track the desired trajectory despite uncertainty, set point variations, and external disturbances. The proposed sliding mode controller is chosen to ensure the stability of overall dynamics during the reaching ph...

A high-order sliding mode control algorithm is proposed for nonlinear uncertain systems based on geometric homogeneity and fast terminal sliding mode. Homogeneity approach used to stabilize the nominal system, and fast terminal sliding mode used to reject the uncertainty, are applied to constructing the controller. High-order sliding mode is established by the proposed algorithm, the boundary o...

This paper introduces a novel bang–bang sliding control of a class of single-input bilinear systems. The sliding function is chosen via the well-known pole-assignment method for linear time-invariant systems. Importantly, the bang–bang sliding control generates a reaching-and-sliding region and a stable-sliding region, each expressed by a set of linear inequalities. Both regions comprise the eq...

Fractional transforms are useful tools for processing of non-stationary signals. The methods of implementing sliding discrete fractional Fourier transform (SDFRFT), sliding discrete fractional cosine transform (SDFRCT) and sliding discrete fractional sine transform (SDFRST) for real time processing of signals are presented. The performances of these sliding transforms, with regard to computatio...

An adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode controller for mismatched time-varying linear systems is presented in this paper. The proposed fuzzy integral sliding mode controller is designed to have zero steady state system error under step inputs and alleviate the undesired chattering around the sliding surface. The parameters in the fuzzy mechanism are adapted on-line to improve the performance of...

Generating the complex waveforms characteristic of beating eukaryotic cilia and flagella requires spatial regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding. To generate bending, one prediction is that dynein arms alternate between active and inactive forms on specific subsets of doublet microtubules. Using an in vitro microtubule sliding assay combined with a structural approach, we determined th...

Neurons develop from small, spherical precursors into the largest, most asymmetric of all metazoan cells by extending thin axonal processes over enormous distances. Although the forces for this extension have been unclear, recent work shows that the initial axonal extension may involve an unexpected mechanism: sliding of microtubules, driven by a motor protein previously thought to be deployed ...

We highly purified the Chlamydomonas inner-arm dyneins e and c, considered to be single-headed subspecies. These two dyneins reside side-by-side along the peripheral doublet microtubules of the flagellum. Electron microscopic observations and single particle analysis showed that the head domains of these two dyneins were similar, whereas the tail domain of dynein e was short and bent in contras...