Despite the emphasis it now receives in the marketing of self-ligating brackets, friction is not the major component of resistance to sliding in clinical treatment. Laboratory studies show that binding of the wire against the corners of the bracket, which occurs soon after tooth movement begins, is much more important than previously thought, and that notching of the archwire, which temporarily...

in industrial robotic manipulator, due to the presence of quite nonlinear dynamic and structural and nonstructural uncertainties, a precise model is not easily obtained. as a result, designing a controller with a suitable function based on system model is a challenging issue. sliding mode control is a robust control with numerous applications which can overcome the aforementioned uncertainties....

in this paper, an optimal adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode control is presented to control the robot manipulator position tracking in the presence of uncertainties and permanent magnet dc motor. in the proposed control, sliding surface of the sliding mode control is defined according to the information of position tracking error, derivatives, and error integral. in order to estimate bounds ...

This paper presents the study on influence external pressures on vibration of functionally graded materials thin-walled cylindrical shell supported. The functionally graded materials (FGMs) properties are graded in the thickness direction of the shell. FGMs are advanced composite materials, consisting of different types of materials, in which the properties shift continuously from one material ...

In this paper a mesh-free model of the functionally graded material (FGM) plate is presented.  The piezoelectric material as a sensor and actuator has been distributed on the top and bottom of the plate, respectively. The formulation of the problem is based on the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) and the principle of virtual displacements. Moreover, the Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) ...