Generally, the evaluation and assessment critical condition of rill formation are useful for a better understanding of soil erosion processes. The inherence characteristics of soils, which have much dynamic variations on the hill-slopes and are affected by rill formation, are the soil critical shear stress and soil erodibility factors. This study aims to assess experimental rill incision thre...

In order to evaluate the effects of different slope lengths (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m) and different vegetation coverage ratios (20%, 45%, 60%, and 90%) on the mechanisms of nutrient loss and runoff producing processes, we have conducted 14 simulated rainfall experiments. The results show that N and P loss are decided by the concentration and the runoff volume, but when the amounts of N and P in top...

Accurate determination of retinal vessel width measurement is important in the study of the haemodynamic changes that accompany various physiological and pathological states. Currently the width at the half height of the transmittance and densitometry profiles are used as a measure of retinal vessel width. A consistent phenomenon of two 'kick points' on the slopes of the transmittance and densi...

Generally, the evaluation and assessment of the critical condition of rill formation are useful for a better understanding of soil erosion processes. The inherence characteristics of soils, which have much dynamic variations on the hillslopes and are affected by rill formation, are the soil critical shear stress and soil erodibility factors. This study aims to assess experimental rill incision ...

The full functional length range of trachealis muscle was measured to identify a precise reference length and to assess the length changes that the myofilament lattice can accommodate. The initial reference length (L(10%)) was that where rest tension equaled 10% of total force (passive tension plus active force). Total force at this length served as a force reference (F(ref) = 219 +/- 12 kPa, N...

On the basis of differences in physiology, e.g., histochemical properties and spindle density, and the structural design of the cat soleus (SO) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles, we hypothesized that 1) fascicle length changes during overground walking would be both muscle and slope dependent, which would have implications for the muscles' force output as well as sensory function, and that ...

Many Apodidae, including Streptoprocne biscutata (Sclater, 1866), drop eggs from their nests during incubation. This is interpreted as nest site competition or accident. We provide evidence that egg ejection is deliberate and that this behaviour controls the brood size. Brood sizes were manipulated and nestling growth was measured to test the hypothesis that pairs can regulate brood size during...

In this paper we discuss the biases and selection eeects relevant to the Jodrell Bank { VLA gravitational lens survey (JVAS). We present a method for the determination of the magniication bias and apply this to the luminosity function of the at spectrum radio source population. The magniication bias in our survey is lower than in optical surveys, as expected qualitatively from the steeper optic...