The classical model for free-free emission from ionized stellar winds is based on the assumption of a stationary, isotropic and homogeneous wind. However, since there exist objects whose wind behaviour deviates from the standard model, during the last decade these assumptions have been questioned. In this work, we present results for 3 bright sources: P Cyg, Cyg OB2 No. 12 and WR 147. These obj...

Reliably estimating the turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat at the Earth’s surface by remote sensing is important for research on the terrestrial hydrological cycle. This paper presents a practical approach for mapping surface energy fluxes using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images from an improved two-source energy balance (TSEB) model. The or...

A modeling study of summer ocean circulation on the inner shelf south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has been conducted. The influences of winds, air–sea heat fluxes, tides, and shelfwide circulation are all incorporated. The model reproduces recognized features of the regional summer circulation: warm temperatures and weak eastward flow in Nantucket Sound, cool tidally mixed waters and an associa...

The Euphrates Plain (EP) experiences large interannual variability in vegetation cover, especially in areas of marginal rain-fed agriculture. Vegetation in this region is primarily limited by available soil moisture, as determined by winter precipitation, spring precipitation, and air temperature. Satellite analyses indicate that the springtime normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is n...

We present ocean model sensitivity experiments aimed at separating the influence of the projected changes in the ‘‘thermal’’ (near-surface air temperature) and ‘‘wind’’ (near-surface winds) forcing on the patterns of sea level and ocean heat content. In the North Atlantic, the distribution of sea level change is more due to the ‘‘thermal’’ forcing, whereas it is more due to the ‘‘wind’’ forcing...

Warming in northern high latitudes has changed the energy balance between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study evaluated changes in regional surface energy exchange in Alaska from 2000 to 2011 when substantial declines in spring snow cover due to spring warming and large-scale fire events were observed. Energy fluxes from a network of 20 eddy covariance sites were upscaled usin...

A series of large-eddy simulations (LES) of non-precipitating cumulus clouds over land was performed. These simulations were idealized from observed conditions at the Southern Great Plains ARM site on 21 June 1997 and were intended to investigate the effect of initial soil moisture on the structure of the cloudy boundary layer. The surface fluxes were either dominated by latent heat or sensible...

Independent measurements of the major energy balance flux components are not often consistent with the principle of conservation of energy. This is referred to as a lack of closure of the surface energy balance. Most results in the literature have shown the sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes measured by eddy covariance to be less than the difference between net radiation and soil heat fluxe...

We present a unified model for optical, ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray light curves of V1974 Cygni (Nova Cygni 1992). Based on an optically thick wind model of nova outbursts, we have calculated light curves and searched for the best fit model that is consistent with optical, UV, and X-ray observations. Our best fit model is a white dwarf (WD) of mass 1.05 M⊙ with a chemical composition of X = 0.4...