unity is one of the most important social issues in the holy religion of islam. unity makes possible entanglement from dependencies, success in settling social issues, and firmness in confronting conspiracies and invasions. since islam is a religion of kindness and brotherhood, it invites its followers to engage in being united, which will, however, never be achieved without resolving conflicts...

The social influence exists widely in the human society, where individual decision-making process (from congressional election to electronic commerce) may be affected by the attitude and behavior of others belonging to different social networks. Here, we couple the snowdrift (SD) game and the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game on two interdependent networks, where strategies in both games are associa...

We here review the evolutionary theory relevant to the question of human cooperation and compare the results to other theoretical perspectives. Then, we will summarize some of our own work, distilling a compound explanation that we believe gives a plausible account of human cooperation and selfishness. This account leans heavily on group selection on cultural variation but also includes lower l...

Social learning plays a key role in the evolution of cooperation in humans and other animals. It has also been shown both theoretically and experimentally that environmental adversity is also a key determinant of the evolution of cooperation among individuals. Here we investigate the impact of social learning on the evolution of cooperation in the context of a range of levels of environmental a...

Abstract—Sustaining cooperation among self-interested agents is critical for the proliferation of emerging online social communities, such as online communities formed through social networking services. Providing incentives for cooperation in social communities is particularly challenging because of their unique features: a large population of anonymous agents interacting infrequently, having ...

Recent experimental results with humans involved in social dilemma games suggest that cooperation may be a contagious phenomenon and that the selection pressure operating on evolutionary dynamics (i.e., mimicry) is relatively weak. I propose an evolutionary dynamics model that links these experimental findings and evolution of cooperation. By assuming a small fraction of (imperfect) zealous coo...

Axelrod (1984) and others explain how cooperation can emerge in repeated 2-person prisoner's dilemmas. But in public good games with anonymous contributions, we expect a breakdown of cooperation because direct reciprocity fails. However, if agents are situated in a social network determining which agents interact, and if they can in uence the network, then cooperation can be a viable strategy. ...

Whether by nature or nurture, humans often respond differently when facing the same situation. Yet, the role of behavioral differences between individuals when immersed in their social network remains largely ignored in most problems of natural and social sciences. Here, we investigate how diversity in the way individuals assess their adverse social partners affects the evolution of cooperation...

Cooperation is a fundamental form of social interaction, and turn-taking reciprocity one of its most familiar manifestations. The Centipede game provides a formal model of such alternating reciprocal cooperation, but a backward induction (BI) argument appears to prove logically that instrumentally rational players would never cooperate in this way. A systematic review of experimental research r...

Axelrod (The evolution of cooperation, 1984) and others explain how cooperation can emerge in repeated 2-person prisoner’s dilemmas. But in public good games with anonymous contributions, we expect a breakdown of cooperation because direct reciprocity fails. However, if agents are situated in a social network determining which agents interact, and if they can influence the network, then coopera...