Flexible cystourethroscopy is an accepted routine procedure in urology. The sterilization of instruments is time consuming and may damage flexible instruments. However, it must be performed to prevent contamination of the endoscopes. This study is the first to document experience using a flexible cystoscope with a disposable sheath in a urologic setting.

background bladder reconstruction in the pediatric population is challenging for many reasons, including perioperative complications and readmissions. objectives on a national scale, determine readmission rates at 30, 60 and 90 days after bladder reconstruction in a pediatric population over a 7-year period, evaluating the influence of hospital and patient-specific variables. patients and metho...

(Abstracted from Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;6:547–558) Ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) is a common treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and its use supported by the Society Maternal-Fetal Medicine. However, evidence benefit UA to fetal neonatal outcomes in this patient population unclear.

The debate about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for the diagnosis of prostate cancer continues to rage. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the equivalent Canadian body have both advised against PSA screening.1,2 On the other hand, many authoritative bodies, including the American Urological Association,3 the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (US), the Ame...

They also conjectured that for Jki<feâ£o, pk!(n)Spk2(n) and for ko<h<k2i pki(n)<pk2(n). They verify this conjecture for n^32. Recently Todd published a table of all the pkin) for n^lOO, and it is easy to verify the conjecture for w^glOO. I am unable to prove or disprove this conjecture. They also remark that pk0{n) differs from c-inm i0g n by i e s s than 1 for n^ 32; (2) shows that for large n...

Given an r × r complex matrix T , if T = U |T | is the polar decomposition of T , then, the Aluthge transform is defined by ∆ (T ) = |T |U |T |. Let ∆n(T ) denote the n-times iterated Aluthge transform of T , i.e. ∆0(T ) = T and ∆n(T ) = ∆(∆n−1(T )), n ∈ N. We prove that the sequence {∆n(T )}n∈N converges for every r × r matrix T . This result was conjecturated by Jung, Ko and Pearcy in 2003. W...