Research on the consequences of perceiving disorder is largely sociological and concerns broken windows theory, which states that signs of social disorder cause further social disorder. The predominant psychological explanations for this phenomenon are primarily social. In contrast, I propose a parsimonious cognitive model ("world-is-random" model; WIR) that may partly account for these effects...

Background: Infertility is a worldwide problem presented in various communities and both infertile women and men suffered its psychosocial impacts. But in societies like Iran- where the cultural norms and stereotypes, usually put more value on women as mothers and consider children as a part of women’s status and identity and a source of power for them in family and in the society- the infertil...

This study attempts to ascertain whether particular structural arrangements and demographic features of a community were responsible for especially severe disturbances during the 1960s. Preliminary to addressing this question, consideration is given to the manner of measuring severity and to the volatile components of this phenomenon. With respect to the latter, it is found that (1) disorder se...

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Abstract The chapter outlines the basic concepts and theories of socialization in sociology, and relates them to different arenas and agents of socialization, ranging from family and peers to modern media. The chapter examines socialization in light of social structures, social class and cultural patterns, emphasizing the strength of the culture of the taken-for-granted, as well as the child as...

Introduction "Long long ago, when wishing still could lead to something, there lived a king whose daughters all were beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, who has seen so many things, simply marveled every time it shone on her face." (Grimms' Fairy Tales, No.1, The Frog King) From this brief snippet of a fairy tale and its title, we already know and understand much o...