Malware needs to execute on a target machine while simultaneously keeping its payload confidential from a malware analyst. Standard encryption can be used to ensure the confidentiality, but it does not address the problem of hiding the key. Any analyst can find the decryption key if it is stored in the malware or derived in plain view. One approach is to derive the key from a part of the enviro...

Sell-side analysts commonly transition to buy-side money managers. I examine whether these career transitions compromise sell-side research, relying on granular information of 6,310 analysts. find that issue recommendations favor their future employers during the year immediately before transition. This favoritism is more pronounced among stocks where a single analyst impactful and present only...