background: humans have been involved with the phenomena of pain and pain relief from the ancient times. back pain is the most common pain. in fact, eight out of ten people experience it in their lifetime. however, individuals with specific jobs, including nurses, are faced with this problem more. nursing is in the top ten careers suffering from the most severe musculoskeletal injuries. there a...

BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common mental disorders reported among the elderly in all countries, and with nonpharmacological interventions, they could be helped to improve their sleep quality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two interventions, foot reflexology and foot bath, on sleep quality in elderly people. PATIENTS AND METHODS This three-group randomize...

Transformation of inborn reaction of leg flexion into conditioned escape response of leg extension was studied. The model of the so called precise reflex was used. A dog could avoid or escape the shock applied to the paw by placing this paw in a narrow ,,safety zone" located at a definite height above the floor. When the shock is applied to the paw located below this zone, the escape response i...

A 65-year-old man has a three-month history of lumbar back pain and progressive lower extremity weakness due a T6 spinal cord compression secondary to hepatic metastatic carcinoma. Examination revealed, paraplegia, urinary incontinence, T10 sensory level, lower limbs hyperactive deep reflex, and hallux indifferent cutaneous plantar response but with an exuberant fascia lata reflex (Figure). The...

Auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body's dysfunction through stimulation of definite points on the ear. Rudimentary forms of acupuncture which probably arose during the Stone Age have survived in many parts of the world right down to present day. It was used in the ancient Egypt, Rome, Greece and all the Mediterranean area. It is a microacupunct...

BACKGROUND Reflexology is one of the non-pharmacological pain relief methods, and since it is a non-invasive, inexpensive and applicable technique, it can be used by a skilled and trained midwife. This study aimed to review the effect of reflexology on the pain and outcomes of the labor. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 88 primiparous mothers referred to selected hospitals of Isfahan...

Reflexology is a technique used widely as one of non-pharmacological pain management techniques. The present study aimed to review and determine the effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. This clinical trial study was conducted on 80 primigravida mothers who were divided randomly into an intervention group (Foot reflexology applied for 40 mi...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms, yet there is not a conclusive cure for this disease. Complementary medicine is a current treatment which seems is effective in relieving symptoms of patients with MS. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine and compare the effects of reflexology and relaxation on anxiety, stress, and depression ...