Amino groups were introduced into Listeria monocytogenes teichoic acids by reductive amination, and the product was coupled to biotin. Teichoic acids were assayed by their binding to specific antibody adsorbed to a solid phase, followed by detection of the antigen-antibody complex by horseradish peroxidase-avidin. Less than 20 ng of teichoic acid was detectable.

While separating two natural nano-sized triterpenic acids via bromolactonization, we serendipitously discovered that arjuna-bromolactone is an excellent gelator of various organic solvents. A simple and efficient method for the separation of two triterpenic acids and the gelation ability and solid state 1D-helical self-assembly of nano-sized arjuna-bromolactone are reported.

A combined experimental and computational study suggests that a reduction in the entropy of activation in the solid state can lead to the protodeboronation of boronic acids.

Factors that affect the concentration of secondary bile acids in the aqueous phase of stool may have a greater impact on colon carcinogenesis than those that only modify the total fecal bile acid concentration. This hypothesis was tested using stool samples of a subset of participants enrolled in a Phase III colorectal adenomatous polyp prevention trial, which documented the inability of a 13.5...

In this paper, natural sunflower seed oil was used as the raw material to extract mixed fatty acids with potassium hydroxide-methyl alcohol solution, and then benzene methanol were added for methylation reaction, finally saturated unsaturated acid methyl ester separated by urea encapsulation method. The optimal reaction temperature of extraction process, dosage ratio freezing in process explore...

Solid acid catalysts, which have favorable characteristics such as efficient activity, high selectivity, long catalyst life and ease in recovery and reuse, have great potential for efficiently transforming lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and can replace many conventional liquid acids for hydrolysis and pretreatment. This work briefly introduces conventional biomass pretreatment and hydrol...