background: somatic signs, perceived stress and self-efficacy are differ in smoker and non-smoker students. the purpose of present study was investigating the somatic symptoms, perceived stress and self-efficacy in smoker and non-smoker students. methods: 200 volunteer students, 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers, were selected and completed the somatic signs checklist, perceived stress and self-e...

background: the effect of coping strategies on modification of competitive anxiety and self-confidence is controversial. the purpose of this study was investigation of the role of coping strategies on competitive anxiety and self-confidence in individual and group athletes. methods: 700 group and individual athletes were selected from five counties of kermanshah province, western iran, applying...

in this study, a total of 101,147 monthly test day records of somatic cell count collected from 13,977 first lactation holstein cows (in 183 herds) calved between 2002 and 2006 were used. for the genetic analysis, a random regression test day model was utilized. somatic cell score (scs) was calculated based on natural logarithm of somatic cell count. in the model, fixed effect of contemporary g...

many factors may influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. this capability may be differ with regard to media compositions, genotype, tissue, organ ontology and the stage of differentiation. the effects of five salicylic acid concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mm) on different stages of carrot somatic embryogenesis were studied using petiole and root secondary phloem explants as sta...

Somatic symptoms and somatization process is prevalent in primary care associated with substantial functional impairment healthcare utilization. However, instruments for identifying monitoring somatic are few number not widely used. Adequate psychometric needed to know check symptoms.