Multidimensional Kramers rate theory is employed to examine the influence exerted by double bonds on the kinetics of conformational transitions of single bonds in trans-polybutadiene and poly(transpropenylene). For both molecules, a detailed discussion of the geometric and potential energy factors that determine the transition rates of the various types of single bonds is presented. Single bond...

Currently two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The "private investment" model assumes returns to the innovator results from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The "collective action" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source softwa...

dezful embayment contains several potential source rocks deposited in tectonically active environments. existence of various source rocks with different geological ages makes this area one of the most prolific regions throughout the middle east. the pabdeh formation (lower paleocene-eocene), the gurpi formation (santonian-masstrichtian), the kazhdumi formation (albian) and the gadvan formation ...

Critics of mass culture often identify 1950s-style status competition as one of the central forces driving consumerism. Thomas Frank has challenged this view, arguing that countercultural rebellion now provides the primary source of consumerism in our society, and that ‘cool’ has become its central ideological expression. This paper provides a rearticulation and defense of Frank’s thesis, first...

petroleum-polluted soil samples from ahvaz oilfield were enriched, using three methods to detect microorganisms with different dibenzothiophene degradation capabilities. strain nisoc-03, a nitrate-reducing, oxidase negative, catalase, citrate, and urease positive, gram negative rod, showed interesting dibenzothiophene desulfurization behavior, designated as entreobacter sp. strain nisoc-03 base...