A new multi-antenna transmission scheme, referred to as difference-based spatial modulation (DBSM), is proposed enhance the reliability of (SM). With DBSM, a pair amplitude/phase-shift keying (APSK) symbols are conveyed by each channel-use, but only one them radiated from single transmit antenna. In contrast conventional SM, DBSM selects active antenna based on difference between two rather tha...

In the past decades, sub-pixel mapping algorithms have been extensively developed due to the large number of different applications. However, most of the sub-pixel mapping algorithms are based on single-temporal images, and the results are usually compromised without auxiliary information due to the ill-posed problem of sub-pixel mapping. In this paper, a novel spatial-temporal sub-pixel mappin...

Desertification process as a great problem affects most of the countries in the world specially developing countries. This process has a high rate in arid and semi-arid countries such as Iran. The main objective of this research was to investigate land degradation status and desertification mapping of Kashan area. Different studies have been carried out in the world in order to assess desertifi...

The performance of geostatistical and spatial interpolation techniques for estimation of spatial variability of heavy metals and water quality mapping of groundwater resources in Ramiyan district (Golestan province- Iran) were investigated. 24 spring/well water samples were collected and the concentration of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Pb, Cd and Cu) was determined using Differential Pulse Polarograp...