As the latest version of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) products, Collection 6 (C6) has been distributed since August 2015. This collection is evaluated in this two-part series with the goal of assessing product accuracy, uncertainty and consistency with the previous version. In this first pa...

In this paper we prove two results regarding the large-time behavior of vortex dynamics in the full plane. In the first result we show that the total integral of vorticity is confined in a region of diameter growing at most like the square-root of time. In the second result we show that if a dynamic rescaling of the absolute value of vorticity with spatial scale growing linearly with time conve...

In this paper we describe a novel technique for detecting salient regions in an image. The detector is a generalization to affine invariance of the method introduced by Kadir and Brady [10]. The detector deems a region salient if it exhibits unpredictability in both its attributes and its spatial scale. The detector has significantly different properties to operators based on kernel convolution...

Superpositions of different statistics on different time or spatial scales (in short, superstatistics) can naturally lead to an effective description by nonextensive statistical mechanics. We first discuss the role of escort distributions within the superstatistical framework, and then briefly describe recent physical applications of this concept to turbulent and patttern forming systems.

Current patterns of global change can strongly affect biodiversity at global, regional and local scales. At global scales, habitat destruction and the introduction of exotic species are contributing to declines in species diversity. At regional and local scales, evidence for declines in diversity is mixed, and recent work suggests that diversity might commonly be increasing. In spite of these t...

M. A. Leibold,* M. Holyoak, N. Mouquet, P. Amarasekare, J. M. Chase, M. F. Hoopes, R. D. Holt, J. B. Shurin, R. Law, D. Tilman, M. Loreau and A. Gonzalez Abstract The metacommunity concept is an important way to think about linkages between different spatial scales in ecology. Here we review current understanding about this concept. We first investigate issues related to its definition as a set...

Although we agree that a finer resolution analysis could improve our understanding of the C balance in Mexico, most current models and the driving data needed to force them are on either a 0.5x0.5 or 1x1 resolution or higher. In addition, increasing the spatial resolution may not necessarily yield better results, as finer-scale processes may or may not affect larger scale processes (e.g. landsl...

A landscape perspective is generally recognized as essential for conservation biology. The main underlying reason is that species respond to features of the landscape at various spatial scales, for example habitat area, connectivity, and matrix habitats. However, there is also an “historical” component of a landscape perspective, which has not received similar attention. The underlying reasons ...

We study the 3-point functions generated at recombination in the squeezed triangle limit, when one mode has a wavelength much larger than the other two and is outside the horizon. The presence of the long wavelength mode cannot change the physics inside the horizon but modifies how a late time observer sees the anisotropies. The effect of the long wavelength mode can be divided into a redefinit...