The first report of the congenital facial diplegia syndrome, or Moebius syndrome, was that of Graefe (1880). Moebius reported cases in 1888 and 1892 and reviewed the prior case reports, thus gaining eponymic distinction. Since that time, some authors have broadened the definition of the Moebius syndrome, as for example, Henderson (1939), who considered some cases of congenital unilateral facial...

Two sisters affected by late onset Hallervorden-Spatz disease are described. In both patients, MR showed rings of decreased signal intensity surrounding hyperintense areas that gave a target-like appearance to the globi pallidi, a finding that corresponds with the known pathologic lesions in the disease. MR reflects the metabolic and anatomic evaluation of this disease.

An eye-of-the-tiger sign is previously known to have one-to-one correlation with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN). Reviewing the literature on this subject, the correlation between eye-of-the-tiger sign and PKAN seems to show an interesting hypothesis that differs from conventional conclusion. We analyze the published papers in an attempt to reflect this trend and illustr...

Tying complex psychological processes to precisely defined neural circuits is a major goal of systems and behavioural neuroscience. This is critical for understanding adaptive behaviour, and also how neural systems are altered in states of psychopathology, such as addiction. Efforts to relate psychological processes relevant to addiction to activity within defined neural circuits have been comp...

Following emerging evidence that neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) are present from its early stages, an intensive scientific interest has been directed to biomarkers of neuro-axonal damage in body fluids of MS patients. Recent research has introduced new candidate biomarkers but also elucidated pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the well-known ones. This paper reviews ...

[This corrects the article on p. 146 in vol. 7, PMID: 24058333.].

Authors: Cornelia Lee-Thedieck, Nicole Rauch, Roberto Fiammengo, Gerd Klein, Joachim P. Spatz Affilitations: 1 Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 2 Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany & Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germa...

Authors: Cornelia Lee-Thedieck, Nicole Rauch, Roberto Fiammengo, Gerd Klein, Joachim P. Spatz Affilitations: 1 Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 2 Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany & Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germa...