We study the singularities of envelopes of families of chords (special straight lines) intrinsically related to a hypersurface M ⊂ R embedded into an affine space. The origin of this investigation is the paper [10] of Janeczko. He described a generalization of central symmetry in which a single point—the centre of symmetry—is replaced by the bifurcation set of a certain family of ratios. In [6]...

The paper offers a solution to the centuries-old puzzle why the major chords are perceived as happy and the minor chords as sad based on the information theory of emotions. A theory and a formula of musical emotions were created. They define the sign and the amplitude of the utilitarian emotional coloration of separate major and minor chords through relative pitches of constituent sounds [15].

Previous work suggested that convexity in the Euler lattice can be interpreted in terms of consonance [1]. In this paper, a second hypothesis is presented that states that compactness in the Euler lattice is an indication of consonance. The convexity and compactness of chords is used as the basis of a model for the preferred intonation of chords in isolation (without a musical context). It is i...

The association of neurons and hypodermal cells in longitudinal nerve chords and in interchordal positions (perhaps dorso-ventral commissures) in the body wall of Trichuris myocastoris Enigk has been examined with the electron microscope. Nerve chords are composed of several groups of neurons separated by processes of hypodermal cells; such groups may be functionally separate. Nerve cell bodies...

This paper describes a method that recognizes musical chords from real-world audio signals in compact-disc recordings. The automatic recognition of musical chords is necessary for music information retrieval (MIR) systems, since the chord sequences of musical pieces capture the characteristics of their accompaniments. None of the previous methods can accurately recognize musical chords from com...

In many object recognition systems only geometric constraints on the boundaries of the objects are used. Many authors have shown the merit in determining the distinctiveness of boundary constraints, and using these to speed up and improve the robustness of object recognition algorithms. However, if the objects have variable shapes or the image is cluttered, then the use of boundary constraints ...

BACKGROUND There is lack of neuroscientific studies investigating music processing with naturalistic stimuli, and brain responses to real music are, thus, largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This study investigates event-related brain potentials (ERPs), skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) elicited by unexpected chords of piano sonatas as they were originally arra...

The human brain is constantly predicting the auditory environment by representing sequential similarities and extracting temporal regularities. It has been proposed that simple auditory regularities are extracted at lower stations of the auditory cortex and more complex ones at other brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Deviations from auditory regularities elicit a family of early neg...

The present study investigated music-syntactic processing with chord sequences that ended on either regular or irregular chord functions. Sequences were composed such that perceived differences in the cognitive processing between syntactically regular and irregular chords could not be due to the sensory processing of acoustic factors like pitch repetition, pitch commonality (the major component...