Before Einstein’s publication in 1905 of his theory of special relativity, the mathematical manipulations that were a product of his theory were in fact already known. The so called Lorentz transformations were tricks that had been found that allowed the speed of light to propagate in all directions at the same speed, which accounted for its strange behavior when traveling through the now infam...

We study all translationally and rotationally invariant local theories involving massless spin 2 and spin 1 particles that mediate long range forces, allowing for general energy relations and violation of boost invariance. Although gauge invariance is not a priori required to describe non Lorentz invariant theories, we first establish that locality requires ‘soft gauge invariance’. Then by taki...