The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) is a key parameter for estimating the gross primary production (GPP) trees. For continuous, dense forest canopies, fAPAR, often equated with intercepted fraction, fIPAR. This assumption not valid individual trees in urban environments or parkland settings where canopy sparse and there are well-defined tree crown boundaries. He...

this paper investigates axial compression process of multi-layered tubes with circular cross-section under the axial loading in the quasi-static condition using experimental method. some specimens are prepared in seven different groups, namely; empty carbon/epoxy composite tubes, solid carbon/epoxy composite rods, empty copper tubes, composite tubes with silicon sealant filler, concentrically s...

A technique was developed to extending the methodology of analytical estimations absorbed fractions case spherical bio-objects composed from various materials. The internal source exposure emitter monoenergetic photons or electrons uniformly distributed throughout object’s volume. Analytical results were tested, using published sets Monte Carlo data on spheres bone tissues, lung soft muscle tis...

A microscopic mass balance approach has shown that the initial saturation (Is), absorption number (An), dose number (Do), and dissolution number (Dn) are four fundamental dimensionless parameters that can be used to estimate the fraction dose absorbed (~ of suspensions of poorly soluble drugs in humans. The dissolution number of a drug increases with decreasing its particle size. The effect of ...

Sera from 50 patients with chronic active liver disease were investigated by radioimmunoprecipitation test for autoantibodies against human and rabbit liver membrane lipoprotein (LSP), and a human kidney equivalent protein. Twenty-one of 50 chronic active liver disease sera were positive for autoantibodies against human liver membrane lipoprotein. Eleven of 50 sera reacted with rabbit liver mem...