OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of age factor on the long-term efficacy of cochlear implantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS The electronic records of patients, who underwent cochlear implantation with the initial diagnosis of bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in our clinic between January 2001 and December 2008, were analyzed retrospectively. The patient...

Perception and Production of Syllable-Initial English [r] and [1] by English and Japanese Speakers by Elzbieta B. Slawinski The Psychology Department, The University of Calgary Introduction. V arious studies have investigated a contribution of multiple acoustic cues to the perceptual distinction of [r-1] phonetic contrast in English (e.g., Dalston, 1975; Underbakke and Polka, 1988). The results...

INTRODUCTION Understanding speech production requires a synthesis of perspectives found in physiology, motor control, cognitive science, and linguistics. Here we focus on presenting work in the areas of motor control, dynamical systems and neural networks, and linguistics which we feel is critical in understanding functional architecture and characteristics of the speech production system. Cent...