Abstract Spirits represent around 50% of global alcohol consumption. This sector is much less studied than other alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. paper reviews the economic history spirits and analyzes recent trends in markets. The technology to produce more complex for Distillation was known ancient Chinese, Indian, Greek, Egyptian societies, but it took innovations by Arabs distill a...

In the Tang era, official sacrifices to mountain and water spirits became more methodical than those of preceding dynasties. What deserves attention is that imperial court bestowed noble titles, which were normally awarded aristocrats powerful officials, on twenty-eight spirits, including Five Sacred Peaks, Four Strongholds, Seas Waterways. These practices reflected two-sided attitude rulers sp...

Sealers are used to enhance concrete durability through their ability to prevent moisture penetration and chloride intrusion, and, consequently, improve the freeze-thaw performance of the concrete and prevent corrosion of the steel reinforcement, respectively. This paper summarizes the results of three years of comprehensive field and laboratory investigations, undertaken at The University of M...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between different types of alcoholic drinks and upper digestive tract cancers (oropharyngeal and oesophageal). DESIGN Population based study with baseline assessment of intake of beer, wine, and spirits, smoking habits, educational level, and 2-19 years' follow up on risk of upper digestive tract cancer. SETTING Denmark. SUBJECTS 15 117 men and 13 063 wom...

We present Spitzer/IRAC observations of dust formation from six extragalactic carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet (WC) binary candidates in low-metallicity (Z $\lesssim0.65$ Z$_\odot$) environments using multi-epoch mid-infrared (IR) imaging data the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS). Optical follow-up spectroscopy SPIRITS~16ln, 19q, 16df, 18hb, and 14apu reveals emission features C IV ...