Protein-leucine Ingestion Activates a Regenerative Inflammo-Myogenic Transcriptome in 1 Skeletal Muscle Following Intense Endurance Exercise 2 3 David S. Rowlands, Andre R. Nelson, Frederic Raymond, Sylviane Metairon, Robert 4 Mansourian, Jim Clarke, Trent Stellingwerff, Stuart M. Phillips 5 6 School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, 7 W...

Dietary supplements purported to increase nitric oxide production have gained enormous popularity within the athletic (e.g., bodybuilding) community in recent years. Although anecdotal reports suggest a potential benefit from using such products, the scientific evidence is sparse. To the knowledge of this author, only one ingredient consumed in oral form by human subjects has been reported with...

A large number of recreational and elite athletes use nutritional supplements in hopes of improving performance. These aids can be costly and potentially harmful, and the advertised ergogenic gains are often based on little or no scientific evidence. Due to the lack of regulation of the dietary supplement industry, an abundance of supplement products of dubious value, content, and quality are n...

This paper reviews studies of supplement use among child and adolescent athletes, focusing on prevalence and type of supplement use, as well as gender comparisons. Supplement use among adult athletes has been well documented however there are a limited number of studies investigating supplement use by child and adolescent athletes. A trend in the current literature revealed that the most freque...

OBJECTIVE To assess indicative trends in the use of protective eyewear by Australian squash players and their attitudes towards its use since 1989. METHODS Data were extracted from three Australian surveys of squash players conducted in 1989, 1995, and 2000. Responses to directly similar attitudinal questions relating to protective eyewear use from each survey were compared. The proportion of...

This study arose as a result of two squash players, one male one female, seeking advice on how to improve their mental approach to playing. They both felt that their game suffered badly through too much anxiety. After preliminary interviews it was decided to use a programme of stress inoculation training to help them learn to control their anxiety. In order to obtain baseline measures of anxiet...

Current sports nutrition guidelines recommend that athletes only take supplements following an evidence-based analysis of their value in supporting training outcomes or competition performance in their specific event. While there is sound evidence to support the use of a few performance supplements under specific scenarios (creatine, beta-alanine, bicarbonate, caffeine, nitrate/beetroot juice a...

Almost one half of male and female students participate in high school-sponsored athletics, and high school also is a time when classroom health promotion curricula are less effective. The Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids is a sport team-centered drug-use prevention program for male high school athletes, which has been shown to reduce alcohol and illicit drug use. Just as anabol...

BACKGROUND. There is no clear distinction between the regulation of food, supplements and medicines in South Africa. Consequently, grey areas exist in implementing the legislation, particularly in the supplement industry. The increase in supplement sales in South Africa can be attributed to aggressive marketing by manufacturers whose claims are not always supported by published peer-reviewed ev...

In recent years, the practice of bodybuilding has seen an increase in number fans gyms and, along with this increase, use dietary supplements, such as creatine and whey protein, been growing considerably by practitioners sport. addition, daily protein intake bodybuilders exceeds maximum recommendation, which, together these can lead to kidney and/or liver failure. The objective study was analyz...