We introduce in this paper an interface for modeling botanical trees that we term a sketch-and-spray interface. In using the interface, a user would sketch out various types of strokes to construct the main structures of a tree. A user could use a branch stroke to draw a single branch, a leaf stroke to draw a single leaf or a stem of leaves, or a copy stroke to draw a whole branch together with...

A single splat is the building block of a thermal spray coating; thus, investigating single splats is essential to understanding thermal spray coatings and their properties. In this study, the morphology of flame sprayed ethylene methacrylic acid (EMAA) splats, deposited at various stand-off distances (SODs) onto glass and mild steel substrates were investigated using a scanning electron micros...

The phenomenon of impingement and solidification of a molten metal droplet on a substrate occurs in processes like thermal spray coating and spray casting. Molten metal droplet after impingement over a substrate becomes a splat after spreading and solidification. The phenomenon of spreading and solidification of a droplet can be understood by mathematical modeling. In the present work, the spre...

The question of whether liquid atomization depends on instability dynamics (through refinements of Rayleigh-Plateau, Rayleigh-Taylor, or Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanisms) or on turbulent cascades, as suggested by Richardson and Kolmogorov, is still open. In this paper, experimental results reveal that both mechanisms are needed to explain the probability density functions (PDFs) of the droplets in a...

the spray characteristics of the fuel greatly influence emissions from diesel engines. spray development plays a vital role in improving the combustion and emission characteristics of fuel because it directly affects the air- fuel mixture formation. the spray characteristics of fuel mainly depend on fuel injection process, fuel density, fuel viscosity, ambient pressure and temperature. among th...

Automated tool trajectory planning for spray-painting robots is still a challenging problem, especially for a large free-form surface. A grid approximation of a free-form surface is adopted in CAD modeling in this paper. A free-form surface model is approximated by a set of flat patches. We describe here an efficient and flexible tool trajectory optimization scheme using T-Bézier curves calcula...

Performance of compression ignition engine is known to be spray characteristics related. Precise experimental information on fuel sprays is of utmost importance to model the fuel spray formation and its development in the engine combustion chamber. The previous experimental work of the present author on non-evaporating sprays produced by using a FIAT single-hole orifice type nozzle and a distri...

piroxicam, an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility and flow properties, poor dissolution and poor wetting. consequently, the aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of piroxicam. microparticles containing piroxicam were produced by spray drying, using isopropyl alcohol and water in the ratio of 40:60 v/v as solvent system, and spray chilling technology by melting the ...