A smart sprayer comprises a detection system and a chemical spraying system. In this study, the development status and challenges of the detection systems of smart sprayers are discussed along with perspectives on these technologies. The detection system of a smart sprayer is used to collect information on target areas and make spraying decisions. The spraying system controls sprayer operation....

The objective of the research was to assess the outcomes on the spray patterns produced by the different feasible adjustments of two different air blast sprayers and one mist blower sprayer, commonly employed for treatments to Apulian “tendone” vineyards. The spray profiles of these machines and the respective refinements affected by the alteration of the available adjusting devices were evalua...

Ergonomic intervention in spraying operation can provide a reasonable basis for recommendation on operating methods and improvement in operation for more output and safety. Two commercially available sprayers namely knapsack sprayer and rocker sprayer were evaluated with nine male subjects for the study. Age, weight and height of the selected subjects are 30.33±1.93 years, 68.33±9.51 kg and 168...

The matrix application technique is critical to the success of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) experiment. This work presents a systematic study aiming to evaluate three different matrix application techniques for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) of endogenous metabolites from legume plant, Medicago truncatula, root nodules. Airbrush, automatic sprayer, and sublimati...

When a plane breaks the sound barrier, the noise reverberates for miles around. The advent of e-pedagogy produced no sonic boom, but the message educators are getting rings loud and clear. Technology is a potentially powerful tool for more effective teaching and deeper learning. Used wisely and well, it may break down barriers to learning that traditional classroom-based instruction has uninten...

The inventory model ‘PestLCI Consensus’, originally developed for temperate conditions, estimates initial pesticide emission fractions to air, off-field surfaces by drift deposition, and field crop soil according foliar interception characteristics. Since characteristics application techniques differ in tropical these aspects need be included the support of evaluating emissions under conditions...

We evaluated the ability of the natural, plant-derived acaricides nootkatone and carvacrol to suppress Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). Aqueous formulations of 1 and 5% nootkatone applied by backpack sprayer to the forest litter layer completely suppressed I. scapularis nymphs through 2 d. Thereafter, the level of reduction gradually declined to < or =50% a...