Agricultural producers require knowledge of soil water at plant rooting depths,while many remote sensing studies have focused on surface soil water or mechanisticmodels that are not easily parameterized. We developed site-specific empirical models topredict spring soil water content for two Montana ranches. Calibration data sample sizeswere based on the estimated variability of soil water and t...

background and objectives: sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) is the major crop in khorasan province which is mainly grown in spring. however, autumn sowing has a lot of advantages including lower crop water requirement and higher water use efficiency. accordingly, this research was performed to compare the yield of storage organ in spring and autumn-sown sugar beet and determine the most appropriat...

The difference of reclaimed water qualities between in summer and in winter were proved considerable. Reclaimed water derived in spring or summer could be applied irrigating in some arid region, which have been considered a rational renewable resource of water. Yet in winter, reclaimed water would run off into river or stream in vain. The idea of storing it in winter and being ready for the nex...

water stress effects on winter and spring leaves anatomy were investigated in experiments conducted at the experimental field of sb university of kerman using five wheat cultivars.xylem and phloem elements diameter and mesophyll, bundle sheath and epidermal cells area were measured in transverse sections prepared from middle parts of the leaves. results showed that significant difference exists...

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator of ecosystem functioning but how ecosystem WUE responds to climate change including precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition increases is still unknown. To investigate such responses, an experiment with a randomized block design with water (spring snowfall or summer water addition) and nitrogen addition was conducted in a temperate steppe of...

Accurate estimation of the variability of heavy metals in river water and the hyporheic zone is crucial for pollution control and environmental management. The biotoxicities and potential ecological risks of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) in a solid-liquid two-phase system were estimated using the Geo-accumulation Index, Potential Ecological Risk Assessment and Quality Standard Index methods in ...

[1] Repeated mesoscale surveys of waters over the shelf and slope off Oregon were conducted during spring and summer of 2001 to study the spatial structure of the velocity and hydrographic fields. The ocean response to wind forcing is compared between a region of relatively simple topography with alongshore uniformity and a region of complex topography including a shallow submarine bank (Heceta...

Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures in many lotic systems, but little is known about how changes in air temperature affect lotic systems heavily influenced by groundwater. Our objectives were to document spatial variation in temperature for spring-fed Ozark streams in Southern Missouri USA, create a spatially explicit model of mean daily water temperature, and use downsca...

Organic matters in raw water have a potential to generate harmful disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) during the chlorination process. The objectives of this study were to investigate the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) in Karoon River water and to determine the effect of several factors including total organic carbon (TOC), pH, chlorine dosage, water temperature,...

The sap of Acer mono has been called 'bone-benefit-water' in Korea because of its mineral and sugar content. In particular, the calcium concentration of the sap of A. mono is 37.5 times higher than commercial spring water. In the current study, we examined whether A. mono sap could improve or prevent osteoporosis-like symptoms in a mouse model. Male mice (3 weeks old) were fed a low-calcium die...