Barrett's esophagus is the metaplastic change of the squamous epithelium lining the distal esophagus into an intestinalized columnar epithelium that predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma development. The cell that gives rise to Barrett's esophagus has not been identified definitively, although several sources for the Barrett's esophagus cell of origin have been postulated. One possible sourc...

Cancer of the urinary bladder is a commonly encountered malignancy tract. The most common histologic type Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). It accounts for 90-95% all cancers. usually seen in sixth and seventh decades life. Men are affected three to four times more than women. remaining 5-10% tumors other types epithelial mesenchymal tumors. Squamous (SCC) very uncommon malignancy.

Regions where one type of epithelium replaces another (metaplasia) have a predilection for cancer formation. Environmental factors are closely linked to metaplastic carcinogenesis. In particular, cervical cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection develop primarily at the transformation zone, a region where metaplastic squamous cells are detected in otherwise columnar epitheli...

EpCam is a transmembrane epithelial adhesion molecule present on all non-squamous epithelial cells. It is often overexpressed in certain carcinomas, such as breast and colon, and in dermatology, eg, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Various monoclonal antibodies have been used to detect EpCam, including BerEP4 and epithelial specific antigen. We compared anti-EpCam clones, BerEP4, and epithelial spec...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mechanism of transformation to intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's oesophagus has not been clarified. We previously reported that bile acids activate the Cdx2 promoter via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and stimulate production of Cdx2 protein in oesophageal keratinocytes with a resulting production of intestinal type mucin. In addition to Cdx2, Cdx1 may play an impor...

A 12-year-old Belgian draft horse presented for a right eye third eyelid mass and red-tinged ocular discharge of 3 months' duration. The third eyelid was excised and submitted for histopathology. On histopathologic examination, the mass was composed of both hemangiosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The horse developed thickened eyelids and hemorrhagic ocular discharge from the right eye appr...

Tissue regeneration and maintenance rely on coordinated stem cell behaviors. This orchestration can be impaired by oncogenic mutations leading to tissue architecture disruption ultimately cancer formation. However, it is still largely unclear how oncogenes perturb cells’ functions break architecture. Here, we utilized intravital imaging novel signaling reporter investigate the mechanisms of Kra...

This chapter will explore the underlying molecular and genetic processes by which FA contributes to conditions such as bone marrow failure, leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, endocrine abnormalities, and mild-to-severe birth defects (1-3). In general, these conditions arise from genetic mutations that cause chromosome instability and reduce the cell’s ability to repair damage to DNA. At publica...

PURPOSE Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is activated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), where targeting of STAT5 inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The role of STAT5 activation in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of STAT5 activation on s...

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) is the best proxy in research and screening for invasive cancer risk. Yet the timing of CIN 3 development is uncertain because of measurement errors integral to its diagnosis. We were interested in estimating the proportions of prevalent vs incident CIN 3 within 2 years of finding a minor cytologic abnormality. We estimate that only 17 (2.8%) o...