conclusions although our patient had ckd stage 4, but his condition has not deteriorated and remained constant and stable for several years only by control of blood pressure and usual treatment which prescribed for patients at this stage case presentation a 78-year-old man presented with stage 4 ckd for 7 years; the glomerular filtration rate (gfr) and creatinine levels remained constant despit...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that regulate most of important cellular processes by inhibiting gene expression through the post-transcriptional repression of their target mRNAs. In kidneys, miRNAs have been associated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. Results from clinical and experimental animal studies demonstrate that miRNAs play essent...

Renal fibrosis is a common result for various chronic kidney diseases developing to the end stage. It pathological process characterized by destruction of normal structure and subsequent replacement with fibrous tissue, which primarily involves fibroblast proliferation extracellular matrix deposition. Obstruction cause renal fibrosis, obstructive disease in urology. Obstructive its insidious on...

Amyloidosis and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, though rare entities, can wreak havoc on the architecture and functioning of the kidneys. These diseases have a predilection to cause severe renal dysfunction leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, the available treatments for these diseases have expanded and afflicted patients are living longer, but with advance...

Background Few results have shown that renal parenchymal echogenicity increases in pediatric patients with no concurrent renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relation between non-renal diseases and renal cortical echogenicity in children with acute abdominal pain. Materials and Methods  This cross- sectional study was conducted among 100 children referred to Amirkola Children’s ...

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with hollow fiber modules is used in different severe diseases since more than 35 years. Based on many years of experience with the extracorporeal circulation in end-stage renal disease, the authors try to give an overview of therapeutic apheresis (TA) in renal diseases. The updated information on immunology and molecular biology of different renal diseases are...

Lipoprotein modification occurs in uremic patients and in patients with end stage kidney disease under chronic renal replacement therapy. Forms of lipoprotein modification include lipid peroxidation, glycation, and carbamoylation. In this short review, we discuss the presence of these forms of lipoprotein modification and their association with various renal diseases. Methods to analyze lipopro...

Proteinuria is a major determinant of adverse renal outcome, and its reduction slows renal progression in glomerular diseases. However, the optimal target of proteinuria in glomerular diseases is unclear, and discrepancies in the definition of proteinuria produce ambiguous findings. Here we investigated the optimal target of proteinuria by using different definitions of proteinuria. We analyzed...

Every cell of an organism is separated and protected by a cell membrane. It is proposed that harmony between intercellular communication and the health of an organism is controlled by a system, designated the protein-homeostasis-system (PHS). Kidneys consist of a variety of types of renal cells, each with its own characteristic cell-receptor interactions and producing characteristic proteins. A...