Abstract Different line resistances between battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and the bus cause problem of state‐of‐charge (SOC) unbalance batteries. SOC brings about over‐charge or over‐discharge, which reduces life. This paper proposes an feedback control strategy to achieve both output power sharing equalization BESSs. The average batteries is set as reference each loop, objectives are ...

State of charge (SOC) estimation is of great significance for the safe operation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs. Improving the accuracy of SOC estimation results and reducing the algorithm complexity are important for the state estimation. In this paper, a zeroaxial straight line, whose slope changes along with SOC, is used to map the predictive SOC to the predictive open circuit voltage (O...

The nickel hydroxide electrode is known to exhibit a stable hysteresis loop, with the potential on charge being higher than that on discharge at every state-of-charge ~SOC!. What we show here is that this loop created during a complete charge and discharge ~i.e., boundary curves! is not sufficient to define the state of the system. Rather, internal paths within the boundary curves ~i.e., scanni...

The untimed power failure is one of major issues confronting the successful commercialization of battery powered electric cars. So, an intelligent model predictive controller which adaptively schedules the load according to the predicted remaining charge of the Electric Vehicles(EV) battery saves the energy content of the battery and ensures the safe state of the Electric Vehicle. The most impo...

Recently, X-ray crystallographic evidence of quinoidal charge delocalization in poly-p-phenylene cation radicals was reported [Banerjee, M. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 8070]. In this paper, direct visual evidence for quinoidal charge delocalization in quaterphylene (QP) is shown with three-dimensional (3D) charge difference densities. It was revealed that the extra positive charge main...

This paper proposes a method to estimate state of charge (SoC) for Lithium-ion battery pack (LIB) with

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of batteries is one of the key problems in a battery management system. This paper proposes an adaptive SOC estimation method based on unscented Kalman filter algorithms for lithium (Li)-ion batteries. First, an enhanced battery model is proposed to include the impacts due to different discharge rates and temperatures. An adaptive joint estimatio...

A suitable sizing of electrical energy amount necessary to be stored on board is one of the most important conditions to assure the optimal operational environment of modern automotive vehicles. The paper presents a short synthesis of an original method to determine the available energy (capacity) or state of charge (SOC) of the on board leadacid starting battery of land automotive vehicles, de...