The commonly used seed spice Cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) contains 3-4% volatile oil and about 15% fixed oil. Conventional grinding of cumin is associated with problems of temperature rise, caking, clogging of sieves and deterioration of quality due to loss of volatiles. Shortcomings of the conventional size reduction were obviated by flaking and the effect of flaking on the yield and quality ...

We describe a computer algorithm designed to calculate the optimal energy extraction in the form of heat used for steam raising from chemical processes. The concepts are illustrated using chemical plant stream data in a process with multiple distillation columns. Pinch analysis is first applied to find the grand composite curve (GCC) of the problem, which is then used by the algorithm to determ...

Since the Middle Ages, citrus essential oils (EOs) have been widely used for their bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic proprieties. Also nowadays, they find important applications in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries. The best method to extract EOs from citrus plant tissue is steam distillation because of ...

A criterion for the designing of minimum specific volume cascades is generalized to be applicable in the case of large enrichments of the stages. The practical solution of the cascading problem is also described for a water distillation plant for heavy water production which is supposed to use geothermal steam from the Larderello zone (Tuscany) , taking into account the variability of the separ...

Abstract Secondary metabolites of oil palm have various potentials. Research on the secondary metabolite palms inflorescences very limited. The purpose this research is to compare extraction method between maceration and steam distillation female inflorescence’s volatile organic compounds (VOCs). used ethanolic for 5 × 24 hours, then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Steam was carried out ...

the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (hd), steam distillation (sd) and solvent free microwave extraction (sfme) from the stems and flowers of tanacetum tenuisectum (boiss.) podl., which is endemic to iran,were analyzed by gc and gc/ms.camphor (26.9 %, 27.2% and 25.5%), borneol (12.6%, 11.5% and 7.6%) and 1, 8-cineole (7.9%, 13.2% and 11.3%) were the main constituents of the hd, sd a...

Background & Aim: Ziziphora L. genus belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which has important medicinal and aromatic plant species. In current study, essential oil chemical compositions of two Ziziphora L. species (Z. tenuior L. and Z. clinopodioides Lam.) were investigated. Experimental: The flowering branches of Z. tenuior and Z. clinopodioides</e...