Due to the rapid industrialization taking place globally, the problems generated are acute shortage of construction material and increasing in productivity of wastes. The production and consumption of plastic and the rate at which solid plastic waste (SPW) are created have increased considerably. Plastics constitute 12.3% of total waste produced most of which is from discarded water bottles. Th...

Abstract The steel frame with portal plate shear wall unit presented here is a new structure by assembling the into through bolt connection. For study of resistance and bearing capacity structure, it necessary to conduct experimental research. Three specimens are made here, two geometric shapes case setting stiffeners not considered respectively. concentrated lateral load applied in test displa...

Abstract During the last three decades, interest in application of steel shear walls has increased worldwide. Steel are used as stiffened and unstiffened walls. One main shortcomings plate wall (SPSW) is infill buckling mainly under lateral wind seismic loads. useful solutions to prevent use with corrugated plates. In this research, behavior a consisting two plates was investigated material cas...

This paper reviews selected recent innovations that expand the range of applicability of a number of new and emerging structural steel systems that can provide effective seismic performance. Focus is on recent developments on: (a) Steel Plate Shear Walls having light gauge infill plates; (b) Perforated Steel Plate Shear Walls; (c) Buckling Restrained Braced frames designed to meet Structural Fu...

This article presents the results of a series of experiments performed to assess the dynamic response of circular monolithic steel and steel–polyurea bilayer plates to impulsive loads. A convenient technique to enhance the energy absorption capability of steel plates and to improve their resistance to fracturing in dynamic events, is to spray-cast a layer of polyurea onto the plates. Since poly...

As a service to the bridge design profession, Bethlehem Steel has conducted hundreds of studies of steel plate girder bridges using its Preliminary Bridge Girder Optimization Program. The program is unique because it optimizes plate girder designs on the basis of least cost, not least weight. An evaluation of many study results leads to a number of guidelines which are offered in this paper. Wh...

The present study is concerned with the simultaneous optimization of the size of components and the arrangement of connections for performance-based seismic design of low-rise SPSWs. Design variables include the size of beams and columns, the thickness of the infill panels, the type of each beam-to-column connection and the type of each infill-to-boundary frame connection. The objective functio...

Composite couple beams are the concrete elements consisting of longitudinal bars and steel plate, therefore suitable for shear transferring in couple shear walls with arranged gates in its height. In this paper, after modeling couple beams with and without steel plates with F.E methods and calibration the models with experimental results, effects of parameters such as thickness, height, length ...

Sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) in the hippocampus are implied in memory consolidation, as shown by observational and interventional experiments. However, the mechanism of their generation remains unclear. Using two-dimensional silicon probe arrays, we investigated the propagation of SPW-Rs across the hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA3 subregions. Synchronous activation of CA2 ensembles preceded SPW-R-r...