26 Though many daily tasks tend to destabilize arm posture, it is still possible to have stable 27 interactions with the environment by regulating the multijoint mechanics of the arm in a 28 task-appropriate manner. For postural tasks, this regulation involves the appropriate control 29 of endpoint stiffness, which represents the stiffness of the arm at the hand. While 30 experimental studies h...

The need for adaptability to the environment, energy conservation, and safety during physical interaction with humans of many advanced robotic applications has prompted the development of a number of Variable Stiffness Actuators (VSA). These have been implemented in a variety of ways, using different transduction technologies (electromechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, but also piezoelectric, act...

Our goal was to provide some insights into how the CNS controls and maintains an upright standing posture, which is an integral part of activities of daily living. Although researchers have used simple performance measures of maintenance of this posture quite effectively in clinical decision making, the mechanisms and control principles involved have not been clear. We propose a relatively simp...

An octopus brings food grasped by a tentacle to its mouth by bending the tentacle around a joint formed by stiffened distal and proximal tentacle muscles, and thus may use motor control strategies analogous to those in animals with articulated limbs.

in this article, vibration analysis of an euler-bernoulli beam resting on a pasternak-type foundation is studied. the governing equation is solved by using a spectral finite element model (sfem). the solution involves calculating wave and time responses of the beam. the fast fourier transform function is used for temporal discretization of the governing partial differential equation into a set ...