Background: Sore throat after endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia is a common complaint of patients especially in children. Strabismus surgery in one of the common procedures in child patients. The present study investigates the use of intratracheal ketamine administration in reducing sore throat after strabismus surgery. Methods: This study was performed on 60 patients undergoin...

Eight centres throughout the United Kingdom cooperated with a prospective evaluation of the accuracy of surgery for horizontal strabismus. The eight centres were divided into four with a specialist interest in strabismus and four offering a general ophthalmic service. Each participating surgeon was asked to indicate the anticipated outcome of surgery and, thereafter, orthoptic examinations were...

This review discusses the potential for strabismic complications after refractive surgery for hyperopia, myopia, anisomyopia, astigmatism and monovision, and how to avoid these complications. Guidelines are given for assessing patients with strabismus seeking refractive surgery. Screening tests are suggested that lead to stratification of refractive surgery patients into different risk groups e...

Background: In 1991, Wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. Originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. The aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with A-pattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lata...

Eye misalignment, called strabismus, is amongst the most common phenotypes observed, occurring in up to 5% of individuals in a studied population. While misalignment is frequently observed in rare complex syndromes, the majority of strabismus cases are non-syndromic. Over the past decade, genes and pathways associated with syndromic forms of strabismus have emerged, but the genes contributing t...

surgery, which reduce tissue trauma, post-operative patient discomfort, hospital stay and working disability. For such techniques, it is advisable to use the operating microscope, although they can also be performed using magnifying spectacles. Usually, a higher magnification allows a less traumatic tissue dissection and a better control of bleeding. Chemodenervation therapy, which can also be ...