Abstract Moisture absorption in the cell wall structure of wood is well known to induce considerable swelling exerting high expansion forces. This mainly induced by sorptive action hydroxyl groups carbohydrate polymers; cellulose and hemicelluloses. On ultrastructural level, there are, however, still questions with regard detailed deformations this moisture absorption. Here, FTIR spectroscopy s...

A hierarchical structure model is developed for anomalous scaling of the Lagrangian velocity structure functions in fully developed turbulence. This model is an extension of the Eulerian hierarchical structure model of She and Leveque [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 366 (1994)] to the Lagrangian velocity structure functions, where the straining and sweeping hypotheses are used to build up the relationshi...

A parkinsonian patient with severe outlet-type constipation was treated with injection of botulinum toxin into the puborectalis muscle. A total of 30 units (Botox) was injected in two sites. Resting anal pressure, maximum voluntary contraction, and pressure on straining were evaluated before treatment and 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks afterward. Pressure values declined following treatment, the declin...

Advancement of RNA polymerase of E. coli occurs in alternating laps of monotonic and inchworm-like movement. Cycles of inchworming are encoded in DNA and involve straining and relaxation of the ternary complex accompanied by characteristic leaping of DNA and RNA footprints. We demonstrate that the oligo(T) tract that constitutes a normal part of transcription terminators acts as an inchworming ...

a pressor response to the Valsalva maneuver. Beat-to-beat changes in stroke volume, blood pressure, pulse pressure, peak blood flow, duration of systole, duration of ejection, and heart rate were calculated. Stroke volume and blood pressure rose with the onset of straining; blood pressure rose slightly further as stroke volume fell to below control levels at the end of the straining period. Pul...

We present a mathematical model describing the distribution of monomer and micel-lar surfactant in a steady straining flow beneath a fixed free surface. The model includes adsorption of monomer surfactant at the surface and a single-step reaction whereby n monomer molecules combine to form each micelle. The equations are analysed asymptot-ically and numerically and the results are compared with...