Although extensively studied, it has proved difficult to describe in detail how potassium ion channels conduct cations and water. We present a computational study that, by using stratified umbrella sampling, examines nearly an entire conduction event of the Kv1.2/2.1 paddle chimera and thereby identifies the expected stable configurations of ions and waters in the selectivity filter of the chan...

The aim of this study was to device in house a suitable absorption filter for colorimetric analyses. An absorption filter was so constructed using 40% CuSO4.5H2O solution in 8M HCl (w/v) in glass support of 2mm internal diameter. The filter was found to have a nominal wavelength of 540±0.92nm, spectral bandwidth of 41±0.82nm and a peak transmittance of 36±0.40%. The filter offered a sensitivity...

  In this paper, a microstrip lowpass filter with an ultra-wide stopband with sharp roll-off and compact size is designed and fabricated. To provide a very small dimension, T-shaped and stepped impedance have been used. The cut of frequency at -3 dB is 3.1 GHz. In the proposed structure, insertion loss is less than 0.12 and return loss is more than 15 dB. To achieve a -20dB attenuation level...

Biological rapid sand filters are often used to remove ammonium from groundwater for drinking water supply. They often operate under dynamic substrate and hydraulic loading conditions, which can lead to increased levels of ammonium and nitrite in the effluent. To determine the maximum nitrification rates and safe operating windows of rapid sand filters, a pilot scale rapid sand filter was used ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE A disposable barrier filter (Pall Biomedical, United Kingdom) was developed to prevent the contamination of lung function equipment in clinical use. The aims of this study were to examine its resistance characteristics and to determine the effect of the filter on clinical measurements of lung function. MEASUREMENTS Twenty-one randomly selected patients and four normal subjects...

This paper investigates the delay-dependent L2 − L∞ filtering problem for time-delayed switched Hopfield neural networks. A new type of L2−L∞ filter is proposed such that the filtering error system is asymptotically stable with guaranteed L2 − L∞ performance. The criterion is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be checked readily by using certain types of standar...

In this paper we proposed an efficient structure for sampling rate conversion by rational factor of L/M, where L is upsampling factor and M is downsampling factor. In this method, the coefficient symmetry of the linear phase filter is used. In this way, the number of required multiplications per output sample is reduced. For implementation we use linear phase FIR filter. The symmetric FIR filte...

Pit latrines are the most frequently used sanitation systems in developing countries because of weak infrastructure and poor economic wealth. A modified ventilated improved pit latrine, with a biological filter beneath is proposed to stabilize and to remove the bulk of the nitrogen from the liquid phase. Although the hydraulic loading rate in the proposed biological filter system was calculated...

OBJECTIVES Fat microemboli are generated during cardiac surgery that are associated with post-operative organ injury. Recently, a fat removal filter has been developed, based on a polyester leukocyte depletion filter. However, the efficacy of such a filter in a clinical setting is unknown. In this study we tested the efficacy of this filter. METHODS Coronary artery bypass patients were random...

slow sand filters are as a proper technology for pre-treatment of raw water, with a fine and medium trubidity in small communities in developing countries. thus, with a minimum operation cost and minimum need for expest bodies have the maximum efficiency. the purpose of this research is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of two processes of horizontal flow roughing filter and vertical flow ...