OBJECTIVES To search literature related to the etiological diagnosis of acute pneumonia in children. SOURCES Systematic review of Medline and Lilacs databases. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS The use of new diagnostic methods such as immunological techniques and polymerase chain reaction has proven invaluable for specific diagnosis and epidemiological investigation, showing adequate sensitivity, sp...

Various microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Chlamydia spp, and Mycoplasma pneumonia can cause ARI. The ginger flower which contains various phytochemicals that have potential anti-microbial. Recent study was aimed to explore the anti-microbial properties of extract. This experimental in vitro with disc diffusion method. ethanol extract Ginger flowers obtained ...

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Between January 1972 and December 1981, 50 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit of a district general hospital. A causal pathogen was identified in 41 cases (82%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (16 cases), Legionella pneumophila (15 cases) and Staphylococcus aureus (5 cases) were the commonest. Assisted ventilation was required in 44 patients, of...

Background and Objectives: After the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine, an increase has been observed in the disease due to nonspecific stereotypes of the vaccine. This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of pneumococcal vaccine coverage and common stereotypes of streptococcus pneumonia after vaccine introduction in the vaccine recipient countries.   Methods: The ...

The use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is low in some countries, maybe because of doubts regarding its efficacy. This meta-analysis aims at combining evidence from randomized trials of PPV assessing its efficacy in preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae related diseases in immunocompetent adults. In the fourteen trials totalling 48,837 patients retrieved, PPV prevents definite pneumo...

Pneumonia, the main cause of acute lung injury, is characterised by a local pro-inflammatory response and coagulopathy. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is often required. However, MV can lead to additional injury: so-called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Therefore, the current authors investigated the effect of VILI on alveolar fibrin turnover in Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Pneumoni...

Pneumonia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in racehorses. Thoroughbred racehorses, in particular, appear to be at an increased risk of developing clinical pneumonia. While Streptococcus spp. and Actinobacillus spp. were the most commonly isolated organisms from pneumonia cases, mixed infections of aerobic and anaerobic organisms were not uncommon. Almost one-third of the cases w...

Pneumonia complicating pregnancy requires a prompt diagnosis and the institution of adequate supportive and antimicrobial therapy. In a patient with a classic presentation of pneumonia, the most likely pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. In a patient with an atypical presentation of pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae are frequently encounter...

World Health Organization has recommended all countries to introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in routine immunization schedule, especially those countries with higher rate of mortality in children. However, Islamic Republic of Iran and more than 50 other countries including Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo V...