A unifying theory of general anesthetic-induced unconsciousness must explain the common mechanism through which various anesthetic agents produce unconsciousness. Functional-brain-imaging data obtained from 11 volunteers during general anesthesia showed specific suppression of regional thalamic and midbrain reticular formation activity across two different commonly used volatile agents. These f...

We discuss structure formation in cosmic string theories. Emphasis is laid on the properties of the peculiar velocity field, non–gaussian features and clusters of galaxies. It is found that the predicted peculiar velocity field is quiet (v < 150 km/s for L > 30h Mpc) for models with (Ω0h ≤ 0.2) which is in disagreement with the results from POTENT at large scales (> 30h Mpc), consistent, howeve...

Have we converged on the definitive model of cosmology? I present a critical assessment of the current paradigms for the evolution of large-scale structure.

A short introduction is given to astrophysics of neutron stars and to physics of dense matter in neutron stars. Observed properties of astrophysical objects containing neutron stars are discussed. Current scenarios regarding formation and evolution of neutron stars in those objects are presented. Physical principles governing the internal structure of neutron stars are considered with special e...

A theoretical study of the structure formation observed very recently [W. D. Ristenpart, I. A. Aksay, and D. A. Saville, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 128303 (2003)] in binary colloids is presented. In our model solely the dipole-dipole interaction of the particles is considered, electrohydrodynamic effects are excluded. Based on molecular dynamics simulations and analytic calculations we show that the ...

We discuss the Buchert equations, which describe the average expansion of an inhomogeneous dust universe. In the limit of small perturbations, they reduce to the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker equations. However, when the universe is very inhomogeneous, the behaviour can be qualitatively different from the FRW case. In particular, the average expansion rate can accelerate even though the local expa...

I review a number of tests of theories for structure formation. Large-scale flows and IRAS galaxies indicate a high density parameter Ω ≃ 1, in accord with inflationary predictions, but it is not clear how this meshes with the uniformly low values obtained from virial analysis on scales∼1Mpc. Gravitational distortion of faint galaxies behind clusters allows one to construct maps of the mass sur...

We describe the results of high-resolution numerical simulations of string-induced structure formation in open universes and those with a non-zero cosmological constant. For models with Γ = Ωh = 0.1–0.2 and a cold dark matter background, we show that the linear density fluctuation power spectrum has both an amplitude at 8hMpc, σ8, and an overall shape which are consistent within uncertainties w...

The nature of the interaction between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is one of the most fundamental problems in astrophysics. The accretion of gas onto galaxies provides fuel for star formation, while galactic winds transform the nearby IGM in a number of ways. One exciting technique to study this gas is through the imaging of hydrogen Lyα emission. We use cosmological simulations ...