The crest level of coastal structures such as dikes and breakwaters is often based on estimates the amount wave overtopping. One important parameters affecting overtopping angle incident waves since oblique can significantly reduce compared to perpendicular attack. Based 3D physical model tests dikes, rubble mound vertical caisson breakwaters, influence attack has been evaluated. A new expressi...

Slope stability formulae for rubble mound structures are usually developed head-on conditions. Often, the effects of oblique waves neglected, mainly because it is assumed that wave attack, reduction in damage compared to perpendicular attack insignificant. When incident oblique, required armour size can be reduced case. Therefore, important consider obliquity influence on slope as a factor. One...