BACKGROUND Various findings in the lateral rotator interval to support the long head of the biceps tendon have been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the functional anatomy regarding the stabilization of the biceps tendon. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty embalmed shoulders were used for anatomic study, and 5 specimens of the anterosuperior part of the glenohumeral joint were hist...

BACKGROUND Isolated tears of the subscapularis occur less commonly than those involving the superior and posterior components of the rotator cuff. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the structural integrity and clinical outcomes after arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tears. METHODS A prospective study of seventeen consecutive patients who were managed with an all-ar...

Open transfer of the pectoralis minor through a deltopectoral approach has been described to treat irreparable tears of the upper two-thirds of the subscapularis. We present a less invasive arthroscopic-assisted technique for this transfer. Atraumatic dissection of the pectoralis minor and harvesting of the tendon with a bone chip from the coracoid process allow strong fixation with a double-bu...

Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is an effective option for young and active patients with massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears and intact subscapularis tendon. This approach has been shown to relieve pain and improve shoulder function in both the short and long term. We describe a surgical technique using an acromial osteotomy to better expose the greater tuberosity for the t...

Few case reports have described the surgical treatment of calcifying tendonitis of the subscapularis tendon. We present a case of symptomatic diffuse calcifying tendonitis involving the subscapularis and infraspinatus insertions that was difficult to detect arthroscopically. The patient was treated with arthroscopic incision of the tendinous insertions thorough removal of the calcific deposits ...

The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify the ultrasonographic (US) abnormalities and 2) to compare the findings of physical examination with US findings in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with shoulder pain. We studied 30 RA patients. Physical examination was performed systemically as follows: 1) area of tenderness; 2) range of passive and active shoulder motion; 3) impingement test...

PURPOSE To compare shoulder ultrasonography with arthroscopy for detecting specific rotator cuff tears. METHODS 96 shoulders in 56 men and 34 women aged 28 to 65 (mean, 42) years with rotator cuff problems underwent a shoulder ultrasonography by a single radiologist, and then a shoulder arthroscopy by a single surgeon. The ultrasonographic and arthroscopic findings were compared with regard t...

The sub-scapularis is the largest muscle in the entire rotator cuff and plays a critical role in the stability and function of the shoulder [1,2]. It is known, historically, that their lesions received little attention from the literature and were also under diagnosed [2-7]. The diagnosis is performed with a combination of physical examinations (Lift-off, Belly-Press and Bear-Hug) and imaging a...