On the atomic scale, Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulation of Nano Al cluster impact on Al (100) substrate surface has been carried out for energies of 1-20 eV/atom to understand quantitatively the interaction mechanisms between the cluster atoms and the substrate atoms. The many body Embedded Atom Method (EAM) was used in this simulation. We investigated the maximum substrate temperature Tmax  and...

Cadmium oxide thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by a simplified and low cost spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures. The X-ray diffraction study showed that irrespective of substrate temperature all the films exhibits a preferential orientation along the (1 1 1) plane. The values of crystallite size were found to be in the range 20.72 – 29.6 nm. The perce...

In this paper the electrodeposition of nickel on n-Si(111):H substrate, in the presence of sulphuric acid, was studied. Cyclic voltammetry has been used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the system. The nickel deposits had a flower-like morphology with the sphericalnanostructure nucleus, distributed uniformly on the surfaces of the prepared n-Si(111) substrate.

background and objective: lactic acid is widely used in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. the major problems associated with lactic acid production are substrate and end-product inhibition, and by-product formation. membrane technology represents one of the most effective processes for lactic acid production. the aim of this work is to increase cell density and lactic acid produ...

batch culture of ralstonia eutropha using the recycled gas closed circuit culture system was conducted in order to develop a practical fermentation system for industrial autotrophic culture for poly (hydroxybutrate) production. the gas phase of the culture system consisted of substrate gas so that gases in this culture could be recycled as long as the amount of the gas consumed would be repleni...

a filtering power divider/power combiner based on half mode substrate integrated waveguide technology for high power applications is proposed. this design includes one half mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, one matched load, and four sections of quarter-wavelength transmission lines. the high isolation between output ports is obtained by combining the half mode substrate integrated wa...

industries in developing countries add new production lines producing altogether different waste stream. this newer waste invariably finds its way to existing anaerobic treatment system causing gradual/sudden change in feed substrates affecting its steady performances. this study investigates steady response of anaerobic reactors subjected to sudden change in feed substrate types, assesses its ...

in this paper, a 3d stochastic model has been presented to predict the coating thickness and porosity in a thermal spray coating process. different values of processing parameters were obtained. the model was developed on the basis of prescribed rules in calculating the splat size during the impact of individual droplets on the surface of the substrate. due to the thermal stresses produced duri...

cellulase production by the fungus trichoderma reesei was studied using sugar beet pulp (sbp) as a substrate. the subculture medium was a salt solution consisting of kh2po4, cacl2, etc. fungal cells were sub-cultured in an orbital shaker (180 rpm) at 30°c for 1-2 generations (two days for each generation) and were then used as an inoculum. exponential cells were inoculated into a medium contain...