BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People usually converse in real-life background noise. They experience more difficulty understanding speech in noise than in a quiet environment. The present study investigated how speech recognition in real-life background noise is affected by the type of noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighteen young adults and fifteen middle-aged ...

Recently, with the availability of various traffic datasets, human mobility has been studied in different contexts. Researchers attempt to understand the collective behaviors of human movement with respect to the spatio-temporal distribution in traffic dynamics, from which a gravitational scaling law characterizing the relation between the traffic flow, population and distance has been found. H...

Subway systems worldwide transport more than 100 million people daily; therefore, air quality on station platforms and inside trains is an important urban air pollution issue. We examined the microbiological composition and abundance in space and time of bioaerosols collected in the Barcelona subway system during a cold period. Quantitative PCR was used to quantify total bacteria, Aspergillus f...

To evaluate the layout adjustment scheme of bus line during subway construction, the method combining quantitative survey and fuzzy aggregation is used. One criterion is transit service level, which considered nonlinear coefficient, line length, transfer distance and average waiting time. Another criterion is traffic impact degree incorporating three factors: saturation degree on work-zone sect...

Finding a good cup of coffee in Paris is difficult even among its world-renowned cafés, at least according to author David Downie (2011). We propose a solution that would allow tourists to create a map of the Paris Métro system from scratch that shows the locations of the cafés with the good coffee, while addressing the problem of the tourists losing interest in the process once they have found...

washers, fans and other devices may be required. This kind of setup is typically a requisite for the warm air in the summer to create a comfortable environment for the passengers. The last type of ventilation is in the case of an emergency, like the times the train is caught in fire. This kind of situation requires larger amounts of ventilation, which needs to be provided by mechanical means. F...

This paper first describes experimental results on the characterization of the propagation in subway tunnels. A first set of experiments have been carried out in Paris subway to determine the path loss, the long term and short term fading and the masking effect produced by a train. Then a wide band analysis has been performed both for a SISO (Single Input Single Output) and for a MIMO (Multiple...

This paper aims to propose a modeling framework for subway operation and maintenance system (SOMS), which analyzes the train condition data based on both train sensor network data and basis train maintenance plan. The system is formulated into five function modules, and the research problem is to determine one auxiliary maintains plan, including the time allocation and frequency of maintenance....

This paper discuss two structures of WLAN system fit to Passenger Information Display System which is partly of subway.