In view of the rapid population growth during the last four decades and resulting economic problems and social tensions, the family welfare programmes are gaining momentum in developing countries. Governments of such countries take various measures to uplift the social structure and these measures include programmes such as family planning services, child welfare, immunisation and other health ...

Referral-based peer-to-peer networks have a wide range of applications. They provide a natural framework in which agents can help each other. This paper studies the trade-off between social welfare and fairness in referral networks. The traditional, naive mechanism yields high social welfare but at the cost of some agents—in particular, the “best” ones—being exploited. Autonomous agents would o...

T H E welfare states of the affluent democracies now stand at the centre of political discussion and social conflict. Analysts frequently portray these conflicts as fundamental struggles between supporters and opponents of the basic principles of the post-war social contract. They often emphasize that the politics of social policy are played out against the backdrop of a transformed global econ...

In fiscal year 1982, Federal, State, and local governments spent $592.6 billion for public social welfare purposes.r This was an increase of $42.1 billion, or 7.6 percent, over the amount spent on social welfare the previous year. Measured in constant dollars, such expenditures rose 1.7 percent from 1981 to 1982. Social welfare spending represented 19.3 percent of Gross National Product (GNP) i...

This study reports on 20 years of private social welfare spending, from 1972 through 199 1. The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in financing the Nation's aggregate social welfare programs; this section assumes a large share of health and medical care expenditures, as well as income-maintenance benefits, the latter in areas of employment-related pensions, group life insu...

the paper, first, reviews the development of social welfare issue and then investigates how primary welfare policy and social insurance has been formulated and accepted in europe. it is argued that social events which caused by industrialization and urbanization led to formation of social welfare and welfare state. eleven resources, in iran, have been known as welfare approaches and produced sp...