The fundamental insights into uraemic toxicity have evolved little since publication of the classical monograph by Cushny nearly a century ago [1]. Organic metabolites are still thought to substantially contribute to uremia (albeit urea might not be the culprit), yet evidence unequivocally demonstrating toxicity of any single uraemic constituent is lacking [2]. To advance research in uraemic to...

Hydrophobic interaction high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using TSKgel Phenyl-5PW was applicable to single-step purification of F(ab')2 fragments from pepsin digests of mouse monoclonal antibodies of IgG1 class. The digests were applied to the gel equilibrated with phosphate-buffered saline containing 1 M ammonium sulfate. F(ab')2 fragments were adsorbed onto the gel using the same ...

Fluid inclusion data suggest that the composition of major elements in seawater changes slowly over geological time scales. This view contrasts with high-resolution isotope data that imply more rapid fluctuations of seawater chemistry. We used a non-steady-state box model of the global sulfur cycle to show that the global δ(34)S record can be explained by variable marine sulfate concentrations ...

Atmospheric mercury is the dominant Hg source to fish in northern Minnesota and elsewhere. However, atmospherically derived Hg must be methylated prior to accumulating in fish. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are thought to be the primary methylators of Hg in the environment. Previous laboratory and field mesocosm studies have demonstrated an increase in methylmercury (MeHg) levels in sediment and pe...

Salt giants are large-scale, basin-wide deposits formed sporadically in the geological past, from early Paleozoic to late Cenozoic. Their role as sinks for seawater dissolved ions is well known, however biogeochemical conditions that accompany salt giant formation and their effects on carbon cycling remain poorly constrained. Here we show massive gypsum of Mediterranean – youngest Earth a parti...

abstract to study the effects of different levels of n, mn and zn on yield and quality of pomegranate fruit a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design with 18 treatments and three replications was conducted in behshahr city, mazandaran province, in 2009.investigated treatments were include: nitrogen, manganese, zinc. fertilizer source for nitrogen was urea and three rates ...

Background: Entry of untreated wastewater of wool scouring factories has been associated with many environmental hazards because of high rate of pollution. Presently effective treatment methods and reducing the costs of operation and maintenance from treatment units have always been under the attention of this industry owners. The aim of this survey is to present a suitable method for the treat...

background: ferrous sulfate is the most used supplement for treating anemia, but it can result in unfavorable side effects. nowadays, nanotechnology is used as a way to increase bioavailability and decrease the side effects of drugs and nutrients. this study investigates the effects of nanoparticles containing iron on blood and inflammatory markers in comparison to ferrous sulfate in anemic rat...