Graphene based sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was synthesized and its performance as nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte investigated for application in quasi solid-state flexible supercapacitors. Hydrothermally reduced graphene (HRG) through hydrothermal reduction of oxide (GO). Sulfonated PVA (SPVA) with predetermined quantities HRG to obtain electrolytes coded SPVA-HRG-x (x = ...

Sulfonated Zn phthalocyanine, as a prospective photosensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of tumors, is investigated by means of Raman, infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopies. Conventional and surface-enhanced spectra from this photosensitizer are obtained and compared. Gold nano-islands attached to silica cores (Au-SiO2) are proposed as nanostructures providing plasmonically enhanced signa...

A novel sulfonated diamine was synthesized from 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy) benzene [pBAB]. Sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) were synthesized from sulfonated pBAB, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy-2-sulfonic acid) benzenesulfonic acid [pBABTS], various diamines and aromatic dianhydrides. Composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) made of novel SPIs and a protic ionic liquid (PIL) 1-vinyl-3-H-imidazolium trifluor...

This manuscript describes the versatile fabrication and characterization of a novel composite membrane that consists of a porous alumina support, a 100 nm thick nanoporous gold coating, and a selective poly(5-(perfluorohexyl)norbornene) (pNBF6) polymer that can be grown exclusively from the nanoporous gold or throughout the membrane. Integration of the three materials is achieved by means of si...

In this chapter research trends followed by various scientific groups for the development of polymeric membranes have been described and reviewed. Most notably, the developments made at Ballard Advanced Materials (BAM) and some of their results are discussed. In general three different approaches have been followed worldwide by various research groups for the development and conception of alter...

In this study, a triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-isobutylene-styrene), was sulfonated to eight different levels ranging from 0.36 to 2.04 mequiv./g (13 to 82 mol% of styrene; styrene is 19 mol% of the unsulfonated block copolymer). These sulfonated polymers were characterized with elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy to confirm sulfonation and determine accurate sulfonation levels. Inf...

In this study, a series of sulfonated hydrocarbon pentablock terpolymers (NEXAR® Polymers) with different ion exchange capacities (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 meq g−1) were characterized investigated as membranes ionomers in hydrogen fuel cells. All NEXAR® Membranes exhibited higher proton conductivity (>0.2 S cm−1 at 80 °C, 90% RH) than Nafion (the most frequently used polymer membrane cells). The Membr...

A key parameter for the application of polymer gels in water shut off treatment is the adsorption of polymer gel onto the rock surface. So, the adsorption properties of a nanocomposite hydrogel were discussed in this research by crosslinking of sulfonated polyacrylamide/sodium montmorillonite aqueous solutions with chromium triacetate. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that exfoliated ty...

Chondroitin sulfate from bovine tracheal cartilage, with the basic structure (4-O-sulfo-D-GalpNAc beta-1-->4-D-GlcpA)n, was chemically modified by O-sulfonation. Depending on the reaction conditions, the products showed a different degree of O-sulfonation. A fully O-sulfonated chondroitin sulfate, having no free hydroxyl groups, and a sulfo ester group:disaccharide unit ratio of 4.0 was prepare...