Polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) were observed above the geographic South Pole by an Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar from 11 Dec 99 to 24 Feb 00. During this 76-day period 297 h of observations were made on 33 different days and PMCs were detected 66.5% of the time. The mean PMC peak backscatter ratio, peak volume backscatter coefficient, total backscatter coefficient, layer centroid altitude, an...

This study aimed to promote the use of natural lighting in building designs create a good environment and save energy. Dynamic daylight evaluation analysis have become hot research topics due influence outdoor light climate changes that occur throughout season over period time. However, there are certain gaps application dynamic for large-space buildings. In China, static is mainly used assess ...

We investigated the sweating response during passive heating (partial submersion up to the umbilical line in 42±0.5℃ water, 30 min) after summer and winter seasonal acclimatization (SA). Testing was performed in July during the summer, 2011 [summer-SA; temp, 25.6±1.8℃; relative humidity (RH), 82.1±8.2%] and in January during the winter, 2012 (winter-SA; temp, -2.7±2.9℃; RH, 65.0±13.1%) in Cheon...

an agroecological zones (aez) map is an essential tool for agricultural planning. by integrating the key components of the agricultural environments, it offers a bird's-eye view of internal diversity, agricultural potential and constraints that decision-makers find easier to understand than a pile of single-theme maps. in this study, aez map of the karkheh river basin has been prepared usi...

Nowadays, ultra-advanced facades have made great strides, and parametric simulation software has a significant contribution to this advancement. Voronoi shells, based on their irregular nature, are one of the most advanced that being used in modern building facades. In paper, main focus is behavior these against incident light from sun. The method presented research Ladybug Tool’s plug-in capab...

VLF radio propagation recordings are used to determine the characteristics of nighttime polar lower D region ionosphere. Recordings both phase and amplitude in Arctic on days within ?1–2 weeks equinoxes enable their day-to-night changes be determined. These then combined with previously measured daytime find characteristics. The determined were summer; NRLMSISE atmosphere model is help height c...

Melatonin implants are commonly used to control sheep reproduction during the winter solstice, but their effect on wool growth is unclear. In this study, wool growth was measured in 17 Assaf (carpet wool), 21 Rasa Aragonesa (medium wool) and 20 Merino (fine wool) ewes after inserting melatonin implants in January, February and April, and 13 ewes were used as control. All ewes were previously ov...

Seasonal variations of human thermal characteristics were inspected in thermal comfort and when constantly indoors. Metabolic rate, tympanic temperature, skin temperature, body fat, body weight and thermal sensation were measured under identical thermal conditions in a chamber over the course of one year. Experiments were carried out for each subject in both summer and winter. Six subjects were...