Ethylene glycol (EG)-induced hyperoxaluria is the most commonly employed experimental regimen as an animal model of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. The variant sensitivity to CaOx among different rat strains has not been fully explored, although the Wistar rat is known to accumulate more CaOx in kidney tissue after low-dose EG exposure than in the Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Supersaturatio...

1. Dietary calcium restriction, an efficient practice in reducing urinary calcium excretion, has been reported to induce either an increase or no change in oxalate excretion, questioning its use in hypercalciuric stone-forming patients. In addition, calcium restriction has been previously demonstrated to induce other urinary changes which might influence the relative supersaturation of calcium ...

A supersaturation-controlled aqueous synthesis route has been developed for ZnTe quantum dots (QDs) with high monodispersity, size tunability, stability, band-edge luminescence (full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) 10-12 nm) and negligibly small Stokes' shift (2-4 nm). The degree of supersaturation of the initial reaction mixture was varied by increasing the reagent concentration, but keeping the ...

[1] Understanding the nature of air parcels that exhibit ice supersaturation is important because they are the regions of potential formation of both cirrus and aircraft contrails, which affect the radiation balance. Ice-supersaturated air parcels in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the North Atlantic are investigated using Lagrangian trajectories. The trajectory calculations u...

Abstract--Part I (Manjunath et al., 1994, Chem. Engny Sci. 49, 1451-1463) of this paper showed that the random particle numbers and size distributions in precipitation processes in very small drops obtained by stochastic simulation techniques deviate substantially from the predictions of conventional population balance. The foregoing problem is considered in this paper in terms of a mean field ...

The objectives of this study were to develop a novel solid dutasteride formulation with improved physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability, and to examine the correlation between its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) nanostructures with or without hydrophilic additives were manufactured using the supercritical antisolve...

We use 42 different charged nanoparticles generated by electrospray ionization and a differential mobility analyzer of unusual resolving power, as well as a condensation chamber of the turbulent-mixing type to study the dependence between the diameter, charge state, and critical supersaturation of embryos promoting heterogeneous nucleation. The nanoparticles investigated have diameters ranging ...

Atmospheric gas saturation levels were monitored throughout a 40-km reach of the upper Colorado River during the summer and fall of 1995 to identify possible sources of gas supersaturation in the river. Gas saturation data from seven fixed sampling points and 40 random sampling points were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression methods. The lowest total gas saturati...

The static (parallel-plate thermal-gradient) diffusion chamber (SDC) was one of the first instruments designed to measure cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations as a function of supersaturation. It has probably also been the most widely used type of CCN counter. This paper describes the detailed experimental characterization of a SDC CCN counter, including calibration with respect to su...

When compared to equilibrium data in pure solvent, variations of solubility are frequently observed in the presence of dissolved impurities. It is also well-known that impurities can inhibit the crystallization processes and lead to supersaturation barriers below which the growth of crystals is cancelled. However, many papers dealing with the inhibiting effects of impurities in solution crystal...