Homogeneous charge compression ignition technology has exhibited high potential to reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions over normal spark-ignition engines significantly. Optimized kinetic process technology is implemented to realize homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The combustion and emission characteristics are investigated with ...

The supersonic wind tunnel facility SBR-50 at the University of Notre Dame was built in 2015 for experimental research related to shock wave (SW) interactions with obstacles and boundary layers (BL) as well combustion a plasma-based flow control. Currently, provides following range parameters test section area nozzle exit 76.2 × mm: Mach number M=2 4, total pressure p0= 1–4 bar, stagnation temp...

Introduction onsidering the remarkable developments in many high technology fields during the past few decades, it is surprising that virtually no change in the speed of commercial air transportation has occurred since the introduction of the Boeing 707 in the late 1950s. Instead, the aging Concorde continues to fly at supersonic speeds for an extremely limited market and all other commercial a...

Ejectors are devices usually made of two convergent-divergent coaxial nozzles which are used to convert pressure energy into kinetic energy. These devices involve very complex phenomena which strongly affect their performance. Flow visualization methods are often used to provide precious information as for the nature of the flow within the ejectors and the comprehension of the physical phenomen...

The effects of high sodium intake (drinking 0.9% NaCl for 15 days) on the increased renal sympathetic nerve activity and decreased urinary sodium excretion resulting from stressful environmental stimulation (air jet to head) were examined in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). On a normal sodium intake in SHR, air stress increased renal symp...

Prevailing high-speed air-breathing propulsion systems invariably banks on coaxial jets which plays a vigorous role in stabilization of flames and combustion emission. Coaxial jets have applications in supersonic ejectors, noise control techniques and enhancement of mixing. Coaxial jet nozzles regulate spreading rates by developing virtuous mean flow and shortening primary flow potential core l...

A simple PS adaptive integral sliding mode controller is designed for the pitch channel linear model of supersonic missile firstly. In order to improve the performance of the proposed method, two improvements also proposed. Finally, a hybrid PISS adaptive control is formed which contains proportion control, integration control, the sign function adn soft function. Also nurmerical simulations ar...

The generation of sulfuric acid aerosols in aircraft exhaust has emerged as a critical issue in determining the impact of supersonic aircraft on stratospheric ozone. It has long been held that the first step in the mechanism of aerosol formation is the oxidation of SO2 emitted from the engine by OH in the exhaust plume. We report in situ measurements of OH and HO2 in the exhaust plumes of a sup...