Anti-rat islet serum was prepared in guinea pigs by multiple subcutaneous inoculations of rat islets homogenates emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The anti-rat islet serum was cytotoxic against rat spleen cells in the presence of complement and the nonspecific antibodies were observed with homogenates of rat livers and spleens. After absorption, the serum lost the cytotoxicity aga...

The granule exocytosis cytotoxicity pathway is the major molecular mechanism for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, but the question of how these cytotoxic lymphocytes avoid self-destruction after secreting perforin has remained unresolved. We show that CTL and NK cells die within a few hours if they are triggered to degranulate in the presence of nontoxic thiol ...

The use of engineered nano-sized materials led to revolutionary developments in many industrial applications and in the medical field. These materials, however, also may cause cytotoxicity. In addition to size, surface properties and shape were identified as relevant parameters for cell damage. Cell damage may occur as disruption of membrane integrity, induction of apoptosis and by organelle da...

Antibodies against cell surface antigens of human sarcomas were detected by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. Exogenous rabbit complement was required. Sera were titrated in doubling dilutions to a 50% survival end point, relative to control sera. Test cells were obtained from 21 cell cultures derived from sarcoma specimens, and 9 cultures of non-sarcoma cells. Two lines of evidence ind...

A monovalent form of concanavalin A (m-Con A) has been prepared to determine the importance of valence for human lymphocyte surface binding and subsequent lymphocyte stimulation as measured by blast transformation and cytotoxicity. Concanavalin A (Con A) was fragmented by a proteolytic process and the m-Con A) derivative was isolated by elution with an ascending D-glucose gradient on a Sephadex...

Normal cell polarity protects epithelial cells against Pseudomonas aeruginosa invasion and cytotoxicity. Using epithelial cell clones with selective defects in sorting of membrane constituents, and using hepatocyte growth factor pretreatment, we found that polarized susceptibility to P. aeruginosa can be altered without disrupting tight junctions. The results also showed that cellular susceptib...

Leukemic blasts from patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia were examined for the presence of Ig, receptors for IgGFc, and for their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken red blood cells (RBC) coated with IgG and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) against cells of K562 cell line. Leukemic blasts from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) pa...

Ozonation of two commercial carbon blacks (CBs), Printex 90 (P90) and Flammruss 101 (F101), was carried out and changes in their morphology, physical properties, and cytotoxicity were examined. The hypothesis examined was that different methods of manufacture of CBs influence their chemical reactivity and toxicological properties. Structural changes were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectros...

Pyrazine derivatives are important class of compounds with diverse biological and cytotoxic activities and clinical applications. In this study, B3 p 86 / 6 – 31 + + G * was used to compute and map the molecular surface electrostatic potentials of a group of substituted amides of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids to identify common features related to their subsequent cytotoxicities. Several statisti...