The complex thoracic deformity has both protrusion and depression on the chest wall, its appearance is complex. It difficult to complete correction by ordinary surgical methods. In early years, this kind of needed be treated open surgery. After entering era minimally invasive surgery, operation also gradually invasive, it can completed through combination different operations. Mild deformities ...

abstract: the preoperative and surgical management of a giant left ventricular pseudoaneurysm(lvp) associated with aortic valve replacement in a 76 year old male jehovah’s witness patient is reported. the satisfactory recovery observed in this patient demonstrates the feasibility of this complex surgical procedure even in this particular patient population.

Background: Inferior rectus recession, Knapp procedure, partial tendon transposition, and combined procedure are different surgical procedures in the management of monocular elevation deficiency (MED). Only a few studies have been published on the management of this problem. In this study, we report our experience with patients with MED focusing on the indications and types of surgery in the so...