In this paper, we consider a capacity allocation problem arising in the context of deploying asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. Given types of ATM switches, the problem is to find an optimal allocation of capacity such that the total cost of installed switch modules is minimized, while satisfying all traffic demands. We formulate the problem as an integer programming model, which can be...

s:1640:"Background: Surrogacy is one of the most controversial procedures in infertility treatment. Despite increasing of using this technology in Iran, there are few practical data about surrogacy. There isn't any study assessing experiences of commissioning mothers about surrogate mother selection. The purpose of this study was exploring of commissioning mothers' experiences in sele...

A trust region-based optimization method has been incorporated into the DAKOTA optimization software toolkit. This trust region approach is designed to manage surrogate models of the objective and constraint functions during the optimization process. In this method, the surrogate functions are employed in a sequence of optimization steps, where the original expensive objective and constraint fu...

The application of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to complex engineering optimization problems may present difficulties as they require many evaluations the objective functions by computationally expensive simulation procedures. To deal with this issue, surrogate models have been employed replace those simulations. In work, a surrogate-assisted procedure is proposed. combines differential evolut...

in this paper, we have outlined the surrogate management framework for optimization of expensive functions. an initial simple iterative method which we call the “strawman” method illustrates how surrogates can be incorporated into optimization to stand in for the most expensive function. these ideas are made rigorous by incorporating them into the framework of pattern search methods. the smf al...

dibutyl phthalate (dbp) is a phthalic acid ester and is widely used in polymeric products to make them more flexible. dbp is found in almost every plastic material and is believed to be persistent in the environment. various analytical methods have been used to measure dbp in different matrices. considering the ubiquitous nature of dbp, the most important challenge in dbp analyses is the contam...

Standard evolutionary optimization algorithms assume that the evaluation of objective and constraint functions is straightforward computationally cheap. However, in many real-world problems, these evaluations involve expensive numerical simulations or physical experiments. Surrogate-assisted (SAEAs) have recently gained increased attention for their performance solving types problems. The main ...

This short chapter introduces the SURROGATE data type, which is useful when modeling time-varying objects. Surrogates are unique identifiers that can be compared for equality, but the values of which cannot be seen by the users. In this sense, a surrogate is “pure” identity and does not describe a property (i.e., it has no observable value). For this reason, a SURROGATE data type cannot be trea...