Infertility remains a threat to global health issues thus the remedy is with medical advancements in technology that enable infertile couples have babies through surrogacy. Surrogacy legal practice of hiring woman’s womb for bearing child parents where intended claim full parental rights and surrogate mothers get monetary compensation commercial gestational Surrogates are proletariats from thir...

The destination and source countries for commercial surrogacy match world patterns of inequality. India, Nepal, Thailand, Mexico, Cambodia banned surrogacy, moving the market to other less-developed in South Africa America. India had a boom until exploitative factors led passage Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2019, which practice. This paper examines surrogacy's monetary, health, emotional effects...

STUDY QUESTION How do the psychological health and experiences of surrogate mothers change from 1 year to 10 years following the birth of the surrogacy child? SUMMARY ANSWER The psychological well-being of surrogate mothers did not change 10 years following the birth, with all remaining positive about the surrogacy arrangement and the majority continuing to report good mental health. WHAT I...

Dengue virus (DENV) causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from self-limiting dengue fever to severe conditions such as haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is thought to explain the occurrence of severe dengue whereby pre-existing binding but non-neutralising antibodies enhance DENV infection. The ADE phenomenon is supported by epidemiological findi...

Behavioral interactions and infant stress reactivity were investigated in 120 mother-infant pairs of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The mothers themselves were either mother-reared (MR), surrogate-peer reared (SPR), or peer-reared (PR). Focal observations and isolation stress tests were conducted throughout post-natal months 1–6 of the infants’ lives, followed by a standardized 4-week social ...

Introduction. Asthma is the commonest chronic condition of children. Diagnosis of this condition remains difficult. Many surrogate markers are used, such as documenting evidence of atopy. Method. A random sample of asthmatic children and their mothers attending the Children's Chest and Allergy Clinic at Steve Biko Academic Hospital were enrolled. Children were classified as having atopic or non...

This report is of a live piglet derived from an embryo produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and carried to term. In vivo-matured oocytes were injected with in vitro-capacitated spermatozoa and after 40 h of culture, 2 to 4-cell-stage embryos were transferred to the oviducts of oestrus induced gilts 24 h after the expected ovulation time. Pregnancy of the surrogate mothers was maintained...

This article provides an overview of the social and psychological aspects surrounding the surrogacy process including attitudes about surrogacy, perceptions and problems of surrogate mothers and intended/social parents, and questions concerning children resulting from contractual parenting. Review of the literature on contractual parenting reveals a wealth of discussion about the ethical, moral...

The psychological experiences of lesbian mothers, both coupled and single, are compared and contrasted with heterosexual and gay parents who use assisted reproductive technology, focusing on issues of parental desire, fertility, babies conceived from science rather than sex, presence of an outside party in conception, genetic asymmetry, social anxieties, legal protections, disclosure, and gende...