Deregulation policy has caused some changes in the concepts of power system reliability assessment. This paper deals with generation reliability evaluation in perfect competition power market using market economic concepts and its dynamic. Also, because of power markets and generators’ forced outages stochastic behavior, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used in this research. Generation reliabil...

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) reasoning is fuelled by high-quality, detailed behavioural data. These can usually be obtained the biometrical sensors embedded in smart devices. The currently used data collecting approach, where ownership and property rights are taken scientists, designers of a device or related application, delivers multiple ethical, sociological governance concerns. In t...

Vygotsky posed a variety of meaningful ideas for education in his short life. This paper focuses on everyday concepts and mathematical concepts or scientific concepts from his theory, reorganizing these ideas according to a new idea of sublated concepts. Using a series of interviews from a third grade fraction class in Japan, the paper discusses how everyday and mathematical concepts arise out ...

1) The facility with numbers and calculations, 2) The art of avoiding unnecessary calculations, 3) Memorizing formulas and theorems, 4) Understanding and finding proofs, 5) Solving problems with well-described procedures, 6) Solving problems for which there are no well-described procedures, 7) Understanding abstract mathematical concepts, 8) Creating new mathematical concepts, and clarifying an...

This mixed-methods study investigates the effects of student attitudes and behaviours on the outcomes of learning mathematics with computer tools. A computer tool was used to help students develop the mathematical concept of function. In the whole sample (N = 521), student attitudes could account for a 3.4 point difference in test scores between individuals on a 10-point scale. General attitude...